Life Insecta Lepidoptera Ditrysia Papilionoidea Nymphalidae Nymphalinae

870x597 (~50Kb) ♂ underside Paya, Tioman, Malaysia, 12-96, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt Hypolimnas sp. det. Krushnamegh Kunte

The exact identification of this species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

• Hypolimnas alimena (Linnaeus, 1758) Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia. See [maps] Blue-banded Egg-fly

  • Papilio alimena Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 478
  • Papilio alimena Linnaeus, 1764; Mus. Lud. Ulr.: 291; TL: Amboina

  • Hypolimnas alimena; [BOW]: pl. 145, f. 11-12; [BAUR]; Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.:; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]

  Larva on Pseuderanthemum variable [BAUR], Asystasia gangetica, Graptophilum pictum, Pseuderanthemum variabile Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts., Asystasia , Graptophyllum , Pseuderanthemum , Sida , Pipturus Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213

  • H. a. alimena Ambon, Serang, Saparua

    • Papilio porphyria Cramer, [1780]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (22): pl. 255, f. E, F
    • Papilio velleda Stoll, [1781]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (29-31): pl. 349, f. C, D
    • Hypolimnas alimena ♀ ab. coelia Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 48 (1/2): 74

    • Hypolimnas alimena alimena; [BAUR], 220 (text); Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213; [iNaturalist]
  • H. a. heteromorpha Röber, 1891 Kai I.

    • Hypolimnas alimena var. heteromorpha Röber, 1891; Tijdschr. Ent. 34: 306; TL: Key I.

    • Hypolimnas alimena heteromorpha; [BAUR], 220; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. senia Fruhstorfer, 1912 Buru

    • alimena senia Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 545

    • Hypolimnas alimena senia; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. bandana Fruhstorfer, 1912 Banda I.

    • alimena bandana Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 546; TL: Banda I.

    • Hypolimnas alimena bandana; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. remigia Fruhstorfer, 1912 Obi

    • alimena remigia Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 546; TL: Obi

    • Hypolimnas alimena remigia; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. eligia Fruhstorfer, 1912 Bachan, Halmahera, Morotai, Ternate

    • alimena eligia Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 546; TL: Batjan

    • Hypolimnas alimena eligia; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. diadema Fruhstorfer, 1912

    • alimena diadema Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 545

    • Hypolimnas alimena diadema; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. saturnia Fruhstorfer, 1903 Waigeu

    • Hypolimnas alimena saturnia Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 48 (1/2): 74; TL: Waigiu

    • Hypolimnas alimena saturnia; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. talauta Fruhstorfer, 1912 Talaud

    • alimena talauta Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 546; TL: Talaud

    • Hypolimnas alimena talauta; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. polymena (C. & R. Felder, [1867]) Aru

    • Diadema polymena C. & R. Felder, [1867]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (3): 414, pl. 55, f. 5-6; TL: Aru I.

    • Hypolimnas alimena polymena; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. forbesi Butler, 1883 Timor - Tanimbar

    • Hypolimnas forbesii Butler, 1883; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883: 367, pl. 38, f. 4; TL: Larat I.
    • Diadema alimena var. salvini Kirsch, 1885; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885: 276, pl. 19, f. 4; TL: Timor Laut
    • selina Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 546

    • Hypolimnas alimena forbesi; [BAUR], 220 (text)
    • Hypolimnas alimena forbesii; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas alimena selina; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. eremita Butler, 1883 West Irian - E.New Guinea

    • Hypolimnas eremita Butler, 1883; Ent. mon. Mag. 20: 56; TL: Dorey

    • Hypolimnas alimena eremita; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. curicta Fruhstorfer, 1912 Noemfoor I.

    • alimena curicta Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 546

    • Hypolimnas alimena curicta; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. libisonia Fruhstorfer, 1912 Papua

    • alimena libisonia Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 546; TL: New Guinea

    • Hypolimnas alimena libisonia; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. bateia Fruhstorfer, 1915 Yule I., Yela I.

    • alimena bateia Fruhstorfer, 1915; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 746; TL: Yule I.

    • Hypolimnas alimena bateia; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. afra Fruhstorfer, 1903 Trobriand Is.

    • Hypolimnas alimena afra Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 48 (1/2): 73; TL: Kiriwina

    • Hypolimnas afra; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas alimena afra; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. obsolescens Fruhstorfer, 1903 Fergusson I.

    • Hypolimnas alimena obsolescens Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 48 (1/2): 73; TL: Fergusson I.

    • Hypolimnas alimena obsolescens; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. lamina Fruhstorfer, 1903 Torres Strait Is., Cape York - Gympi

    • Hypolimnas alimena lamina Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 48 (1/2): 73; TL: Cape York

    • Hypolimnas alimena lamina; [BAUR], 220; [LepIndex]; [iNaturalist]
  • H. a. darwinensis Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914 Northern Territory

    • Hypolimnas darwinensis Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914

    • Hypolimnas alimena darwinensis; [BAUR], 220 (text)
    • Hypolimnas darwinensis Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914;
  • H. a. manusi Rothschild, 1915 Admiralty Is.

    • Hypolimnas alimena manusi Rothschild, 1915; Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 205; TL: Manus, Admiralty Islands

    • Hypolimnas alimena manusi; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. inexpectata (Salvin & Godman, 1877) Bismarck Archipelago

    • Diadema inexpectata Salvin & Godman, 1877; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1877: 144; TL: Duke of York I.
    • ?Hypolimnas inexpectata var. kuramata Ribbe, 1898; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 11 (1): 118

    • Hypolimnas alimena inexpectata; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas alimena kuramata; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. salomonis Ribbe, 1898 Bougainville, Shortland Is., New Georgia Group

    • Hypolimnas alimena var. salomonis Ribbe, 1898; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 10 (2): 247, pl. 8, f. 1
    • diphridas Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 547; TL: Shortland Is.

    • Hypolimnas alimena diphridas; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas alimena salomonis; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. ysabela Fruhstorfer, 1912 Santa Isabel

    • alimena ysabela Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 547
    • interjecta Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 547

    • Hypolimnas alimena ysabela; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. fuliginescens (Mathew, 1887) Ugi I.

    • Diadema fuliginensis Mathew, 1887; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1887 (1): 44, pl. 4, f. 6; TL: Ugi, Solomon Is.

    • Hypolimnas alimena fuliginescens; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. a. eremitana Strand, 1914

    • Hypolimnas alimena eremitana Strand, 1914; Lepid. Niepeltiana (1): 35, pl. 8, f. 14; TL: Admiralty I.

    • Hypolimnas alimena eremitana; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. catalai Viette, 1950 New Caledonia

    • Hypolimnas alimena catalai Viette, 1950; Fn. Emp. franc. 13: 87

    • Hypolimnas alimena catalai; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 303; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas catalai; [iNaturalist]
  • H. a. diffusa Howarth, 1962 Bellona I.

    • alimena diffusa Howarth, 1962; The Natural History of the Rennell and Bellona Is. (4): 74; TL: Bellona I.

    • Hypolimnas alimena diffusa; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas dubius diffusa; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. libateia Howarth, 1962 Rennell I.

    • alimena libateia Howarth, 1962; The Natural History of the Rennell and Bellona Is. (4): 73; TL: Bellona I. [?]

    • Hypolimnas alimena libateia; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas antevorta (Distant, [1880]) NE.Tanzania (Usambara Mts.). See [maps]

  • Diadema antevorta Distant, [1880]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 (4): 703; TL: Magila, E.Africa

  • Hypolimnas antevorta; [BOW]: pl. 103, f. 12; [EBW]; [BAFR], 216; [AfrL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas anthedon (Doubleday, 1845) Tropical Africa (forests), Saõ Thomé. See [maps] Variable Eggfly

  • Diadema anthedon Doubleday, 1845; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1) 16 (104): 181; TL: Africa
  • Papilio dubius Palisot de Beauvois, 1805; Ins. Afr. Amer.: 238, pl. 6, f. 2a-b (preocc.)
  • Diadema damoclina Trimen, 1869; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 26: 505 nota; TL: Angola
  • Panopea diffusa Butler, 1880; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 5 (28): 336
  • Hypolimnas dubia ab. cerberus Aurivillius, 1894; Ent. Tidskr. 15: 281
  • Hypolimnas daemona Staudinger, 1896; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 9 (1): 211, pl. 2, f. 1; TL: Barombi-Station, Cameroons
  • Hypolimnas daemona var. daemonides Staudinger, 1896; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 9 (1): 212; TL: W.Congo, Kuilu
  • Hypolimnas dubius ab. latepicta Bartel, 1905; Novit. Zool. 12: 135; TL: N.Cameroon
  • Hypolimnas dubius poensis Rothschild, 1918; Novit. Zool. 25: 344; TL: Banterberri, Fernando Po
  • Hypolimnas dubius mayottensis Rothschild, 1918; Novit. Zool. 25: 344; TL: Comoro Is.
  • Hypolimnas dubia dubia ab. unialba Hulstaert, 1923; Rev. Zool. Afr. 11: 209; TL: Kisala
  • pseudodamoclina Dufrane, 1945; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 81: 101; TL: Kivu
  • mariae Dufrane, 1945; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 81: 101; TL: Kivu

  • Hypolimnas anthedon; [BK]: 341, pl. 48, f. 591; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
  • Hypolimnas dubia; [BOW]: pl. 104, f. 2
  • Hypolimnas dubius anthedon; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas dubius daemona; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas dubius daemonides; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas dubius dubius; [BAFR], 222
  • Hypolimnas dubius poensis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas dubius pseudodamoclina; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas dubius; [EBW]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]

  Larva on Fleurya , Urera , Urtica , Berkheya [BK]

  • H. a. anthedon Sierra Leone - W.Kenya

    • Hypolimnas anthedon anthedon; [BK], 341 (note); [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
  • H. a. wahlbergi (Wallengren, 1857) Natal - Kenya (E of Rift Valley)

    • Diadema wahlbergi Wallengren, 1857; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 2 (4): 27
    • Diadema mima Trimen, 1869; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 26: 506 nota, pl. 43, f. 7; TL: Natal
      • = ; [AfrL, 2023]
    • Euralia anthedon var. marginalis Butler, 1875; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 16 (96): 395; TL: S.Africa
      • = ; [AfrL, 2023]
    • Hypolimnas angustolimbata Weymer, 1892; Stettin ent. Ztg 53 (4-6): 87; TL: E.Africa
      • = (angustilimbata); [AfrL, 2023]
    • Hypolimnas dubia mima f. millari Aurivillius, 1913; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 13: 216
      • = ; [AfrL, 2023]

    • Hypolimnas angustolimbata; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas anthedon wahlbergi; [BK], 341 (note); [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas dubius mima; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas dubius wahlbergi; [BAFR], 222; [PBSA]
    • Hypolimnas dubius wahlbergi f. mima; [PBSA]
    • Hypolimnas dubius wahlbergi f. wahlbergi; [PBSA]

    Larva on Fleurya capensis, F. mitis [PBSA]

  • H. a. drucei (Butler, 1874) Madagascar, Comoro Is., Mauritius

    • Panopea drucei Butler, 1874; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1874 (4): 426, pl. 6, f. 3; TL: Madagascar
    • madagascariensis (Mabille, 1881) (Diadema); Bull. Soc. ent. Belg. 25: lv; TL: Madagascar
    • Panopea bewsheri Butler, 1879; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 3 (15): 187; TL: Johanna I.
    • lutescens Mabille
    • antelmei Le Cerf, 1928; Encycl. ent. (B 3 Lep.) 3: 123

    • Hypolimnas anthedon drucei; [MadL]; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas dubius drucei; [BAFR], 222; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. mayottensis Le Cerf, 1928 Madagascar

    • anthedon mayottensis Le Cerf, 1928; Encycl. ent. (B 3 Lep.) 3: 124 (preocc)
• Hypolimnas anomala (Wallace, 1869) Timor, Darwin. See [maps] Crow Egg-fly Malayan Egg-fly

  • Diadema anomala Wallace, 1869; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1869 (4): 285; TL: Malacca; Java

  • Diadema anomala; [MRS], 568
  • Hypolimnas anomala intersticta; [iNaturalist]
  • Hypolimnas anomala; [BOR], 284; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 212; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
  • Hypolimnas antilope anomala; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • Hypolymnas[sic] anomala; van Eecke, 1913, Notes Leyden Mus. 35: 246

  Larva on Pipturus arborescens [MRS], Claoxylon , Pipturus , Pouzolzia , Villebrunea Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 212

  • H. a. anomala ?S.Thailand, Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Palawan, Philippines, Bali, Lombok, Enggano, Bawean

    • Hypolimnas nivas Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 543, (174)

    • Hypolimnas anomala anomala; [BOR], 284; [BMP]: 164, pl. 24, f. 6; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 212; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
    • Hypolimnas anomala anomala f. nivas; [BMP]: 164, pl. 24, f. 7
    • Hypolimnas antilope nivas; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. discandra Weymer, 1885 Nias

    • Hypolimnas discandra Weymer, 1885; Stettin ent. Ztg. 46 (4-6): 264, pl. 1, f. 6; TL: Nias I.

    • Hypolimnas anomala discandra; [BOR], 284; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas antilope discandra; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. arnoldi Fruhstorfer, 1903 Kangean, Sumbawa, Flores

    • Hypolimnas antilope arnoldi Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 48 (1/2): 76; TL: Sumbawa

    • Hypolimnas anomala arnoldi; [BOR], 284; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas antilope arnoldi; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. interstincta (Butler, 1873) Borneo

    • Diadema insterstincta Butler, 1873; Cist. Ent. 1 (7): 157; TL: Assam

    • Hypolimnas anomala interstincta; [BOR], 284
    • Hypolimnas antilope interstincta; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. wallaceana (Butler, 1873) Sulawesi

    • Diadema wallaceana Butler, 1873; Cist. Ent. 1 (7): 157; TL: "India?"

    • Hypolimnas anomala wallaceana; [BOR], 284; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas antilope wallaceana; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas wallaceana; [iNaturalist]
  • H. a. euvaristos Fruhstorfer, 1912 Philippines (Mindanao, S.Is.)

    • anomala euvaristos Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 543; TL: Philippines

    • Hypolimnas anomala euvaristos; [BOR], 284; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas antilope euvaristos; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. truentus Fruhstorfer, 1912 Philippines (Luzo, ?Babuyanes)

    • anomala truentus Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 543

    • Hypolimnas anomala truentus; [BOR], 284; [MRS], 568; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas antilope truentus; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 106; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. a. sumbawana Pagenstecher, 1898 Sumbawa

    • Hypolimnas sumbawana Pagenstecher, 1898; Ent. Nachr. 24: 81; TL: Sumbawa

    • Hypolimnas anomala sumbawana; [BOR], 284; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas antilopa[sic] sumbawana; Fruhstorfer, 1902, Stettin ent. Ztg 63 (1): 355 (note)
    • Hypolimnas pithoeka sumbawana; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. stellata (Fruhstorfer, 1912) Sulawesi, Buton, Kabaena, Bangai, Sula

    • anomala stellata (Fruhstorfer, 1912) (Hypolimnata); in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 543; TL: Minahassa

    • Hypolimnas anomala stellata; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 212; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas antilope stellata; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas antilope (Cramer, [1777]) Malaya - Philippines, New Guinea, Australia. See [maps]

  • Papilio antilope Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 132, pl. 183, f. E, F; TL: Amboina
  • violaria Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 543; TL: Java
  • pseudopithoeca Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 544; TL: Ceram
  • circumscripta Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 543; TL: Java

  • Hypolimnas antilope circumscripta; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas antilope pseudopithoeka; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas antilope violaria; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas antilope; [EBW]; [BAUR]; [BOW]: pl. 145, f. 13; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note); Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 212; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]

  Larva on Pipturus argenteus [BAUR], Asystasia , Graptophyllum , Pseuderanthemum , Oreocnide , Pipturus Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343

  • H. a. antilope Ambon, Serang, Saparua, Sula, Maluku

    • Hypolimnas antilope antilope; [BAUR], 218 (text); Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213
  • H. a. albula (Wallace, 1869) Timor

    • Diadema albula Wallace, 1869; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1869 (4): 287; TL: Timor

    • Hypolimnas antilope albula; [BAUR], 218 (text); [LepIndex]; [iNaturalist]
  • H. a. lutescens (Butler, 1874) Fiji

    • Diadema lutescens Butler, 1874; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1874: 283, pl. 44, f. 3; TL: Ovalau, Fiji

    • Hypolimnas antilopa[sic] lutescens; Fruhstorfer, 1902, Stettin ent. Ztg 63 (1): 355
    • Hypolimnas antilope lutescens; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 304; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. a. mela Fruhstorfer, 1903 SE.New Guinea, Papua

    • Hypolimnas antilope mela Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 48 (1/2): 75; TL: Kiriwina

    • Hypolimnas antilope mela; [BAUR], 218; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. maglovius Fruhstorfer, 1912 Buru

    • antilope maglovius Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 544; TL: Buru

    • Hypolimnas antilope maglovius; [BAUR], 218 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. typhlis Fruhstorfer, 1912 ?Key I.

    • antilope typhlis Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 544; TL: Key I.?

    • Hypolimnas antilope typhlis; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. a. quinctinus Fruhstorfer, 1912 Obi, Bachan, Halmahera

    • antilope quinctinus Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 544; TL: Obi

    • Hypolimnas antilope quinctinus; [BAUR], 218 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. sila Fruhstorfer, 1912 Ceram

    • antilope sila Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 544; TL: Cerma

    • Hypolimnas antilope sila; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. shortlandica Ribbe, 1898 Solomons (Shortland I.)

    • Hypolimnas shortlandica Ribbe, 1898; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 11 (1): 119

    • Hypolimnas antilopa[sic] shortlandica; Fruhstorfer, 1902, Stettin ent. Ztg 63 (1): 355 (note)
    • Hypolimnas antilope shortlandica; [BAUR], 219 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. wagneri Clark, 1946 Admiralty I.

    • Hypolimnas antilope wagneri Clark, 1946; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 59: 119; TL: Los Negros, Admiralty Is.

    • Hypolimnas antilope wagneri; [BAUR], 219 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. scopas (Godman & Salvin, 1888) Solomons (Malaita)

    • Diadema scopas Godman & Salvin, 1888; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1 (2): 98; TL: Solomon Is.

    • Hypolimnas antilope scopas; [BAUR], 219 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. albomela Howarth, 1962 Solomons (Rennell I.)

    • antilope albomela Howarth, 1962; The Natural History of the Rennell and Bellona Is. (4): 71; TL: Rennell Is.

    • Hypolimnas antilope albomela; [BAUR], 219; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. a. phalkes Fruhstorfer, 1908² Talaud Is., Sangihe

    • phalkes Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 543; TL: Talaut

    • Hypolimnas anomala phalkes; [BOR], 284
    • Hypolimnas antilope phalkes; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
• Hypolimnas aubergeri Hecq, 1987

  • Hypolimnas aubergeri; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas bartelotti Grose-Smith, 1890 Cameroun, Zaire, W.Uganda. See [maps]

  • Hypolimnas bartelotti Grose-Smith, 1890; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1890: 468
  • Hypolimnas bartteloti[sic] obliterata Holland, 1920; Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 43 (6): 156, pl. 6, f. 5; TL: Congo

  • Hypolimnas bartelotti; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
  • Hypolimnas bartteloti obliterata; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bartteloti; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bartteloti[sic, bartelotti]; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1891, Rhop. Exot. [2] 1: (Hypolimnas) 1, pl. 1, f. 1-2; [BAFR], 218
• Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus, 1758) India, Ceylon, Burma, AU, S.Arabia, Madagascar. See [maps] Common Eggfly Varied Egg-fly Great Eggfly

  • Papilio bolina Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 479; TL: "India" [? Canton, China]
  • Papilio melita Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): pl. 28, f. D, E
  • Papilio antigone Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): pl. 67, f. C
  • Papilio alcithoe Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): pl. 80, f. A, B
  • Papilio auge Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): pl. 190, f. A, B
  • Papilio manilia Cramer, [1780]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (22): pl. 255, f. A, B
  • Papilio eriphile Stoll, [1782]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (32-32): pl. 376, f. A, B
  • Papilio avia Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 111
  • liria Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 126
  • Diadema auge var. otaheitae Felder, 1862; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 12 (1/2): 492; TL: Marquesas I.
  • Hypolimnas charybdis Butler, 1879; Cistula ent. 2 (21): 432; TL: Bombay
  • Hypolimnas bolina ab. decorata Röber, 1891; Tijdschr. Ent. 34: 306
  • Hypolimnas bolina antiopa ab. euryanthe Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 48 (1/2): 83; TL: Java
  • viriliformis Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 549
  • victrix Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 549
  • subucula Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 549
  • subviolacea Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 549
  • ornamentalis Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 549
  • luctuosa Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 549
  • joloana Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 549
  • cyanecula Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 549
  • chrysonicans Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 550
  • micromalayana Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 551
  • discalis Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 551
  • astra Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 551
  • palauensis Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 552
  • ivena Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 552
  • pelva Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 553
  • maeza Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 553
  • elliciana Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 553
  • crexa Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 553
  • ?Hypolimnus[sic] bolina var. angaurensis Matsumura, 1915; Ent. Mag. Kyoto 1 (2): 93, 95; TL: Angaur
  • Hypolimnas parva Aurivillius, 1920; Ark. Zool. 13 (2): 6; TL: Australia
  • euphonoides Poulton, 1924; Trans. Ent. Soc. 1923: 643
  • euploeoides Poulton, 1924; Trans. Ent. Soc. 1923: 646, pl. 45, f. 3; TL: Kandavu, Fiji
  • Hypolimnas bolina ab. inornata Matsumura, 1927; Ins. Matsumurana 2 (2): 116, pl. 3, f. 8; TL: Formosa
  • Hypolimnas bolina ab. shirinna Sonan, 1929; Zephyrus 1 (4): 135; TL: Formosa
  • Hypolimnas bolina ab. rufanalis Sonan, 1929; Zephyrus 1 (4): 135; TL: Formosa
  • Hypolimnas bolina ab. yokoojii Nomura, 1937; Zephyrus 7 (2/3): 140
  • alcithoides Roepke, 1938; Rhopalocera Javanica 3: 281; TL: Java
  • Hypolimnas bolina ab. futoobi Ushoda, 1938; Ent. World Tokyo 6: 156; TL: Japan

  • Apatura bolina; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (2): 58, pl. 30, f. 1, 1b
  • Hypolimnas bolina astra; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina chrysonicans; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina crexa; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina cyanecula; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina discalis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina elliciana; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina euphonoides; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina euploeoides; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina ivena; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina joloana; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina kezia ab. yokoojii; Murayama & Shimonoya, 1963, Tyô to Ga 13 (3): 53, f. 13, 16
  • Hypolimnas bolina luctuosa; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina maeza; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina micromalayana; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina ornamentalis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina otaheitae; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • Hypolimnas bolina palauensis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina parva; [LepIndex]
  • Hypolimnas bolina pelva; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina subucula; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina subviolacea; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina victrix; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina viriliformis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas bolina; Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 49 Pt.II (4): 228; Fruhstorfer, 1910, Ent. Zs. 24 (28): 155, f. 9-10; [BIR], 201; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 304; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 145, f. 14, pl. 146, f. 1; [BOR], 284; [BAFR], 214; [MRS], 567; Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.:; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213; [AfrL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
  • Papilio bolina; Linnaeus, 1764, Mus. Lud. Ulr.: 295

  951x624 (~60Kb) ♀ Paya, Tioman, Malaysia, 12-96, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt	951x624 (~52Kb) ♂ Paya, Tioman, Malaysia, 12-96, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt	identification uncertain 1024x768 (~174Kb) ♀ underside Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, 16 June 2000), Photo © Erich Mangl
  769x513 (~94Kb) underside Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko	748x591 (~76Kb) ♀ Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya, Jomtien Beach, Natural Park Resort. 25th January 2005, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	876x1134 (~163Kb) ♀ Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya, Jomtien Beach, Natural Park Resort. 25th January 2005, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
  740x534 (~67Kb) ♀ Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya, Jomtien Beach, Natural Park Resort. 25th January 2005, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1044x1110 (~149Kb) ♂ Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya, Ko Khram Island, Saikaew beach, a side of a road through shrubbery along coast, 3rd February, 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	876x915 (~119Kb) ♂ underside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya environs, Ko Lan island, ruderal vegeation at a roadside. 15th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
  796x808 (~181Kb) ♂ Thailand, Phuket, a bank of a pond at a road 1 km NE of Khao Sai Tan Kliang Mt., 18th February 2009, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1024x998 (~311Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, SE suburbs of Koh Kong, trees at a pond, 21st July 2016, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

  Larva on Portulaca , Pseuderanthemum [BOW], Portulaca oleracea, Pseuderanthemum , Fleurya interrupta, Elatostema cuneatum, Alternanthera sessilis, Ipomoea batatas [MRS], Polygonum prostratum, Portulaca sp., Alternanthera denticulata, Sida rhombifolia, Richardia brasiliensis, Asystasia gangetica, A. scandens, Dipteracanthus spp., Pseuderanthemum variabile, Ruellia spp., Synedrella nodiflora Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts., Asystasia , Diptercanthus , Justicia , Pseuderanthemum , Rostellularia , Ruelia , Systasia , Alternanthera , Eclipta , Synedrella , Commelina , Ipomoea , Merremia , Desmodium , Phaseolus , Vigna , Perilla , Abutilon , Malvastrum , Sida , Ficus , Polygonum , Persicaria , Portulaca , Richardia , Triumfetta , Boehmeria , Elatostema , Fleurya , Laportea , Pipturus , Urtica Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213

  • H. b. bolina Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Is., W.Borneo, Sulawesi, Salayar, Kabaena, Galla, Banggai, Sula, Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Australia, New Caledonia Great Egg-fly

    • Papilio alcmene Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): pl. 67, f. A
    • Papilo perimele Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): pl. 65, f. C, D, pl. 67, f. B
    • Hypolimnas bolina antiopa ab. aphrodite Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 48 (1/2): 83; TL: W.Java
    • celebensis Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 551; TL: Celebes
      • = ; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213

    • Diadema perimele; C. & R. Felder, 1860, Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (4): 107
    • Hypolimnas bolina bolina; [BMP]; [BMP]: 164, pl. 24, f. 10; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas bolina bolina f. alcmene; [BMP]: 164, pl. 24, f. 13
    • Hypolimnas bolina bolina f. aphrodite; [BMP]
    • Hypolimnas bolina bolina f. perimele; [BMP]
    • Hypolimnas bolina celebensis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]

    978x1026 (~252Kb) ♀ underside Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, 22.5 km of ENE Koh Kong, 'Nepenthes' forest brook. 29th November 2010, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

    1059x1215 (~314Kb) ♀ Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, 22.5 km of ENE Koh Kong, 'Nepenthes' forest brook. 29th November 2010, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

    1166x1157 (~380Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, Kep Province, Kep, Kep National Park, 'Platystylus brook' below the pond. 6th December 2010, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

    f. alcmene

    480x360 (~68Kb) upperside Singapore, 2006?, Photo © Gan Cheong Weei

    480x360 (~68Kb) underside Singapore, 2006?, Photo © Gan Cheong Weei

    Larva on Ipomaea battatas [BMP]

  • H. b. nerina (Fabricius, 1775) Timor - Kai, Aru, Waigeu, West Irian - Papua, N.Australia - E.Victoria, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Is., New Zealand

    • Papilio antiopa Müller, 1774; Natursystem 5 (1): 609, pl. 19, f. 5; TL: Java
    • Papilio nerina Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 509
    • Hypolimnas pseudomisippus Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 552 (?New Guinea, f. form)
    • Papilio iphigenia Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 105, pl. 67, f. D, E
    • Papilio proserpina Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): pl. 218, f. C, D
    • imperialis Illidge, 1924; Queensl. Nat. 4: 36
    • formosa Illidge, 1924; Queensl. Nat. 4: 36; TL: Queensland

    • Hypolimnas bolina antiopa; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas bolina bolina f. nerina; [BMP]: 164, pl. 24, f. 11
    • Hypolimnas bolina bolina f. proserpina; [BMP]
    • Hypolimnas bolina nerina; [BAUR], 220; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas bolina pseudomisippus; [LepIndex]
  • H. b. rarik (Eschscholtz, 1821) Lifu

    • bolina rarik Eschscholtz, 1821; in Kotzebue, Entdeck. Reise Süd-See 3 (App. 5): 203, pl. 5, f. 10; TL: Lifu

    • Hypolimnas bolina rarik; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. b. kraimoku (Eschscholtz, 1821) Lifu

    • bolina kraimoku Eschscholtz, 1821; in Kotzebue, Entdeck. Reise Süd-See 3 (App. 5): 203

    • Hypolimnas bolina kraimoku; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. b. inconstans Butler, 1873 Navigator Is.

    • bolina inconstans Butler, 1873; Cist. Ent. 1 (7): 164; TL: Navigator Is.

    • Hypolimnas bolina inconstans; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. b. philippensis (Butler, 1874) Philippines

    • Diadema philippensis Butler, 1874; Cistula ent. 1: 243

    • Hypolimnas bolina philippensis; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. b. constans (Butler, 1875) Tasmania?

    • Diadema constans Butler, 1875; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1875 (1): 6; TL: Tasmania?

    • Hypolimnas bolina constans; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. b. kezia (Butler, 1877) Formosa

    • Diadema kezia Butler, 1877; Proc. zool. soc. Lond. 1877: 812; TL: Formosa
    • Diadema priscilla Butler, 1877; Proc. zool. soc. Lond. 1877: 812; TL: Formosa
    • egna Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 549
    • Hypolimnas bolina priscilla ab. formosana Sonan, 1926; Trans. nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 16: 233; TL: Formosa
    • Hypolimnas bolina priscilla ab. taihokuna Nomura, 1930; Mushi 3 (2): 73

    • Hypolimnas bolina kezia; [MRS], 567; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

    Larva on Ipomoea aquatica, I. batatas, Synedrella nodiflora, Sida rhombifolia, Ficus microcarpa [MRS]

  • H. b. labuana Butler, 1879 Labuan

    • Hypolimnas labuana Butler, 1879; Cistula ent. 2 (21): 432; TL: Labuan, Borneo

    • Hypolimnas bolina labuana; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. b. incommoda Butler, 1879

    • Hypolimnas incommoda Butler, 1879; Trans. linn. Soc. Lond. (2) 1 (8): 543; TL: Malacca
    • Hypolimnas bolina incommoda ♀ ab. semiramis Wildey, [1941]; Malay Nat. J. 1 (4): 148, pl. 2, f. 4
    • Hypolimnas bolina incommoda ♀ ab. iris Wildey, [1941]; Malay Nat. J. 1 (4): 148, pl. 1, f. 2

    • Hypolimnas bolina incommoda; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
    • ?Hypolimnas bolina bolina f. iris; [BMP]
    • ?Hypolimnas bolina jacintha f. incommoda; [BMP]

    f. incommoda

    402x302 (~50Kb) Singapore, 2001?, Photo © Gan Cheong Weei

  • H. b. naresii Butler, 1883 Fiji

    • Hypolimnas naresii Butler, 1883; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 11 (66): 414; TL: Tongatabu, Fiji
    • Hypolimnas thomsoni Butler, 1883; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 11 (66): 414; TL: Tongatabu, Fiji
    • Hypolimnas moseleyi Butler, 1883; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 11 (66): 414; TL: Tongatabu, Fiji

    • Hypolimnas bolina naresii; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. b. holdeni Butler, 1884 Caroline I.

    • bolina holdeni Butler, 1884; Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 2: 93; TL: Caroline I.

    • Hypolimnas bolina holdeni; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. b. listeri Butler, 1888 Christmas I.

    • Hypolimnas listeri Butler, 1888; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888: 542; TL: Christmas I.

    • Hypolimnas bolina listeri; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolumnas nerina var. listeri; Butler, 1900, Mon. Christmas Isl.: 62
  • H. b. jaluita Fruhstorfer, 1903

    • Hypolimnas bolina jaluita Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 48 (1/2): 85; TL: Jaluit, Marshall Is.
    • Hypolimnas bolina jaluita ab. nanshini Hirose, 1933; Trans. Kansai ent. Soc. (4): 35; TL: Marshall Is.
    • Hypolimnas bolina jaluita ab. marshallensis Hirose, 1934; Trans. Kansai ent. Soc. (5): 25; TL: Marshall Is.
    • Hypolimnas bolina jaluita ab. ebonensis Hirose, 1934; Trans. Kansai ent. Soc. (5): 26; TL: Marshall Is.

    • Hypolimnas bolina jaluita; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. b. enganica Fruhstorfer, 1904 Engano I.

    • Hypolimnas bolina enganica Fruhstorfer, 1904; Berl. ent. Zs. 49 (1/2): 193; TL: Engano

    • Hypolimnas bolina enganica; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. b. montrouzieri (Butler, 1874) Woodlark, Fergusson, Trobriand Is.

    • Diadema montrouzieri Butler, 1874; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1874: 281 (repl. Diadema lassinassa Montrouzier, 1856); TL: Woodlark I.
    • Diadema lassinassa Montrouzier, 1856; Ann. Sci. Phys. Lyon (2) 8: 406; TL: Woodlark I.

    • Hypolimnas bolina montrouzieri; [BAUR], 220; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas montrouzieri; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. b. pulchra (Butler, 1874) New Caledonia

    • Diadema pulchra Butler, 1874; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1874: 281; TL: New Caledonia

    • Hypolimnas bolina pulchra; [BAUR], 220 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. b. pallescens (Butler, 1874) Fiji

    • Diadema pallescens Butler, 1874; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1874: 282; TL: Solomon Is.
    • Hypolimnas murrayi Butler, 1883; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 11 (66): 413; TL: Fiji
    • Apatura hypna Swinhoe, 1916; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 18 (108): 482; TL: Fiji
    • Apatura tracta Swinhoe, 1916; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 18 (108): 482; TL: Fiji

    • Hypolimnas bolina pallescens; Fruhstorfer, 1902, Stettin ent. Ztg 63 (1): 355; [BAUR], 222; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. b. lisianassa (Cramer, 1779) Moluccas

    • Papilio lisianassa Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): pl. 205, f. A, B
    • Hypolimnas bolina var. melaniris Röber, 1891; Tijdschr. Ent. 34: 306; TL: Ceram
    • Hypolimnas bolina lisianassa ♀ f. signata Joicey & Talbot, 1924; Bull. Hill Mus. 1 (3): 569; TL: Ceram
    • vitramana Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 551

    • Hypolimnas bolina lisianassa; [BAUR], 222; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas bolina vitramana; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. b. jacintha (Drury, 1773)

    • Papilio jacintha Drury, 1773; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 2: pl. 21, f. 1-2 (& Index)

    • Apatura jacintha; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (2): 58, pl. 30, f. 1a
    • Hypolimnas bolina jacintha; [BK]: 340, pl. 47, f. 589; [MRS], 567; [BMP]: 164, pl. 24, f. 14-15; [MadL]; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
    • Hypolimnas bolina jacintha f. jacintha; [BMP]

    Larva on Acanthaceae , Colvolvulaceae , Malvaceae , Urticaceae [BK]

  • H. b. gigas (Oberthür, 1879) Sangihe

    • Diadema lassinassa var. gigas Oberthür, 1879; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1879 (3): 233; TL: Sanghir I.

    • Hypolimnas bolina gigas; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213
    • Hypolimnas montrouzieri gigas; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
• Hypolimnas chapmani (Hewitson, 1873) Nigeria, Cameroun. See [maps]

  • Diadema chapmani Hewitson, 1873; Ent. mon. Mag. 9: 233; TL: Calabar
  • Hypolimnas chapmani ab. fasciata Aurivillius, 1894; Ent. Tidskr. 15: 280

  • Hypolimnas chapmani; [EBW], (name only); [BAFR], 218; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
  • Hypolimnas chapmani f. fasciata; [BAFR], 218, fig.
  • Hypolimnas chapmanni; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
• Hypolimnas deceptor (Trimen, 1873) -. See [maps]

  • Diadema deceptor Trimen, 1873; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1873 (2): 105; TL: Victoria County, Natal
  • Euralia kirbyi Butler, 1898; Proc. zool. Soc. 1898: 51; TL: Shiringoma; Makaya

  • Hypolimnas deceptor kirbyi; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas deceptor; [BOW]: pl. 103, f. 15; [PBSA]; [AfrL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

  Larva on Fleurya capensis, F. mitis [PBSA]

  • H. d. deceptor coastal forests (Natal - S.Somalia) Deceptive Eggfly

    • Hypolimnas deceptor deceptor; [BAFR], 220; [BK]: 340, pl. 47, f. 590; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]

    Larva on Laportea [BK]

  • H. d. deludens Grose-Smith, 1891 Madagascar

    • Hypolimnas deludens Grose-Smith, 1891; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 7 (37): 125; TL: Madagascar
    • Euralia grandidieri Mabille, 1900; Bull. Mus. hist. nat. Paris 5: 374; TL: Madagascar

    • Hypolimnas deceptor deludens; [BAFR], 220; [MadL]; [AfrL]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas deludens; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1898, Rhop. Exot. [2] 3: (Hypolimnas) 6, pl. 3, f. 4-5
• Hypolimnas deois (Hewitson, 1858) New Guinea, Moluccas. See [maps]

  • Diadema deois Hewitson, 1858; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1858: 464, pl. 54, f. 3-5; TL: Aru Islands
  • albiplaga Röber
  • tydeina Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 555
  • depunctata Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 556

  • Hypolimnas deois albiplaga; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas deois depunctata; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas deois tydeina; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas deois; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 146, f. 2; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note); [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
  • ?deiois; (missp.?)
  • H. d. deois Aru, Waigeu?

    • Hypolimnas deois deois; [BAUR], 222 (text)
  • H. d. divina Fruhstorfer, 1903 Papua

    • Hypolimnas deois divina Fruhstorfer, 1903; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (1): 66; TL: New Guinea

    • Hypolimnas deois divina; Fruhstorfer, 1916, Archiv Naturg. 81 A (11): 66 (name); [BAUR], 222; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. d. tydea (C. & R. Felder, [1867]) Bachan, Halmahera, Ternate, Morotai?

    • Diadema tydea C. & R. Felder, [1867]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (3): 415, pl. 55, f. 1-4

    • Hypolimnas deois tydea; [BAUR], 222 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. d. obianus Fruhstorfer, 1912 Obi

    • deois obianus Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 555; TL: Obi

    • Hypolimnas deois obianus; [BAUR], 222 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. d. hewitsoni (Wallace, 1869) Kai I.

    • Diadema hewitsoni Wallace, 1869; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1869 (4): 282; TL: Ké I.

    • Hypolimnas deois hewitsoni; [BAUR], 222 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. d. panopion Grose-Smith, 1894 West Irian - N.New Guinea

    • Hypolimnas panopion Grose-Smith, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 350; TL: Humboldt Bay

    • Hypolimnas deois panopion; [BAUR], 222 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas panopion; [BOW]: pl. 146, f. 8
  • H. d. waigeuensis Joicey & Talbot, 1917 Waigeu

    • Hypolimnas deois waigeuensis Joicey & Talbot, 1917; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 20 (117): 218; TL: Waigeu

    • Hypolimnas deois waigeuensis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. d. mysolensis Talbot, 1932 Mysol

    • deois mysolensis Talbot, 1932; Bull. Hill. Mus. 4 (3): 161

    • Hypolimnas deois mysolensis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. d. otakwensis Talbot, 1932 New Guinea

    • deois otakwensis Talbot, 1932; Bull. Hill. Mus. 4 (3): 162

    • Hypolimnas deois otakwensis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. d. albosignata Talbot, 1932 Rossel I.

    • deois albosignata Talbot, 1932; Bull. Hill. Mus. 4 (3): 162; TL: Rossel I.

    • Hypolimnas deois albosignata; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. d. denticulata Talbot, 1932 Karkar I.

    • deois denticulata Talbot, 1932; Bull. Hill. Mus. 4 (3): 163

    • Hypolimnas deois denticulata; [BAUR], 222; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. d. palladius Grose-Smith, 1897 Fergusson I.

    • Hypolimnas palladius Grose-Smith, 1897; Ann. Mag. Nat. hist. (6) 19: 175; TL: Fergusson I.

    • Hypolimnas deois palladius; [BAUR], 222; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas palladius; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1897, Rhop. Exot. [2] 3: (Hypolimnas) 4, pl. 2, f. 4-6
  • H. d. paleutes Grose-Smith, 1897 Trobriand Is.

    • Hypolimnas paleutes Grose-Smith, 1897; Ann. Mag. Nat. hist. (6) 19: 176; TL: Kiriwini, Trobriands

    • Hypolimnas deois paleutes; [BAUR], 223 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas paleutes; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1897, Rhop. Exot. [2] 3: (Hypolimnas) 3, [2] 3: pl. 3, f. 1-3
  • H. d. woodlarkiana Talbot, 1932 Woodlark I.

    • deois woodlarkiana Talbot, 1932; Bull. Hill. Mus. 4 (3): 162; TL: Woodlark I.

    • Hypolimnas deois woodlarkiana; [BAUR], 223 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
• Hypolimnas exiguus Samson, 1980 Solomon Is.. See [maps]

  • Hypolimnas exiguus Samson, 1980; Tyô to Ga 30 (3,4): 225, f. 7; TL: Mapwe (200ft), Santa Ana

  • Hypolimnas exiguus; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note); [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas dexithea (Hewitson, 1863) Madagascar. See [maps]

  • Diadema dexithea Hewitson, 1863; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1863: 65, pl. 11; TL: Madagascar

  • Hypolimnas dexithea; [BOW]: pl. 103, f. 14; [EBW]; [BAFR], 216; [MadL]; [AfrL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
• Hypolimnas dinarcha (Hewitson, 1865) -. See [maps]

  • Diadema dinarcha Hewitson, 1865; Ill. exot. Butts [3] (Diadema II): [22], pl. [11], f. 7; TL: Old Calabar
  • cytherea Stoneham, 1965; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (81): 2
  • antiope Stoneham, 1965; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (81): 2

  • Diadema dinarba[sic]; Distant, [1880], Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1879 (4): 704 (missp.)
  • Hypolimnas dinarcha; [BOW]: pl. 104, f. 1; [EBW]; [BK]: 341, pl. 48, f. 592; [AfrL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

  Larva on Fleurya [BK]

  • H. d. dinarcha Nigeria, Cameroun, Gabon, Zaire, C.A.R.

    • Hypolimnas dinarcha dinarcha; [BAFR], 220; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
  • H. d. liberiensis Bernardi, 1959 Sierra Leone - Ghana

    • dinarcha liberiensis Bernardi, 1959; Bull. I.F.A.N. (A) 21: 1025
    • Hypolimnas dinarcha narchadi Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 110; TL: Acera

    • Hypolimnas dinarcha liberiensis; [BAFR], 220; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas dinarcha liberiensis f. narchadi; [BAFR], 221, fig.
  • H. d. grandis Rothschild, 1918 Uganda

    • Hypolimnas dinarcha grandis Rothschild, 1918; Novit. Zool. 25: 344; TL: Uganda

    • Hypolimnas dinarcha grandis; [BAFR], 220; [AfrL]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas diomea (Hewitson, 1861) Celebes. See [maps]

  • Diadema diomea Hewitson, 1861; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1861: 51, pl. 8, f. 2; TL: Moluccas
  • coerulans Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 553

  • Hypolimnas diomea coerulans; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas diomea; [BOW]: pl. 146, f. 5; [BOR], 284; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 212; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

  Larva on Elatostema lineolatum Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343

  • H. d. diomea Sulawesi, Buton

    • Hypolimnas diomea diomea; [BOR], 284; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 212; [iNaturalist]
  • H. d. fraterna (Wallace, 1869) S.Sulawesi

    • Diadema fraterna Wallace, 1869; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1869 (4): 284; TL: Macassar, Celebes

    • Hypolimnas diomea fraterna; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 212; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
    • Hypolimnas fraterna; [BOW]: pl. 146, f. 5 (text only)
  • H. d. sororia Hall, 1930 Sangihe

    • diomea sororia Hall, 1930; Entomologist 63: 279; TL: Sangir

    • Hypolimnas diomea sororia; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 212
    • Hypolimnas sororia; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • H. d. serica Tsukada, 1985² Kabaena

    • Hypolimnas diomea serica; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 212
• Hypolimnas dimona Fruhstorfer, 1912 Sula Is.

  • Hypolimnas dimona Fruhstorfer, 1912; Ent. Rundschau 29 (1): 5; TL: Sula

  • Hypolimnas dimona; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 212; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • Hypolimnas diomea dimona; [BOR], 284
• Hypolimnas euploeoides Rothschild, 1915 Admiralty I.

  • Hypolimnas euploeoides Rothschild, 1915; Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 205; TL: Manus, Admiralty Islands

  • Hypolimnas euploeoides; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas macarthuri Neidhoefer, 1972

  • Hypolimnas macarthuri Neidhoefer, 1972; Occ. Pap. Milwaukee Pub. Mus. (3): 3

  • Hypolimnas macarthuri; [AfrL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas mechowi (Dewitz, 1884) Zaire, Cameroun. See [maps]

  • Diadema mechowi Dewitz, 1884; Berl. ent. Z. 28 (1): 187, pl. 1, f. 2; TL: Quango, Mechow
  • Diadema ragiens Capronnier, 1889; Bull. Ent. Soc. Belg. 33: cxxiii; TL: Kassai
  • Hypolimnas stanleyi Grose-Smith, 1890; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1890: 467
  • paranarchadi Bernardi, 1959; Bull. I.F.A.N. (A) 21: 1030

  • Hypolimnas mechowi paranarchadi; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas mechowi; [BOW]: pl. 104, f. 4; [BAFR], 218; [AfrL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • Hypolimnas stanleyi; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1891, Rhop. Exot. [2] 1: (Hypolimnas) 2, pl. 1, f. 3-4, [3]:(Additions-Corrections) 1
• Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus, 1764) S.America (north), Florida, Caribbean, Africa, Australasia, India, Ceylon, Burma. See [maps] Mimic Danaid Eggfly Diadem

  • Papilio misippus Linnaeus, 1764; Mus. Lud. Ulr.: 264; TL: "America" [?Java]
  • Papilio diocippus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): pl. 28, f. B, C; TL: "Batavia"
    • = ; [NL4A], #2051
  • Papilio inaria Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): pl. 214, f. A; TL: B;"Amboina,Java"
    • = ; [NL4A], #2051
  • Euploea dioxippe Hübner, 1816; (repl. name); TL: "Batavia"
    • = ; [NL4A], #2051
  • Danais misippe Godart, 1819; (repl. name); TL: America
    • = ; [NL4A], #2051
  • Hypolimnas alcippoides Butler, 1883; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 12 (68): 102; TL: Victoria Nyanza
  • Hypolimnas misippus ab. dorippoides Aurivillius, 1898; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5): 148
  • picta Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 547
  • pallens Nire, 1917; Dobutsugaku Zasshi 29: (145-148)
  • immima Bernardi, 1959; Bull. I.F.A.N. (A) 21: 1023
  • horina Tanaka, 1941; Zephyrus 9 (1): 4; TL: Formosa
  • Hypolimnas misippus ab. luculentus Murayama & Shimonoya, 1966; Tyô to Ga 15 (3/4): 61, f. 36; TL: Urai, Formosa
  • ?bolina Drury, 1773

  • Apatura misippus; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (2): 59, pl. 29, f. 1a-c; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 17
  • Hypolimnas misippus alcippoides; [LepIndex]
  • Hypolimnas misippus diocippus; [LepIndex]
  • Hypolimnas misippus immima; [LepIndex]
  • Hypolimnas misippus misippus; [BMP]: 165, pl. 24, f. 8-9
  • Hypolimnas misippus picta; [LepIndex]
  • Hypolimnas misippus; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 146, f. 3-4; Butler, 1900, Mon. Christmas Isl.: 62; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 106; [BIR], 202; [NACL], #4439; [NAB], 629; [BAFR], 214; [BK]: 339, pl. 47, f. 588; [BCR]: 181, pl. 28; [Opler]; [NL4A], #2051; [MadL]; Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.:; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 213; [AfrL]; [Otakar Kudrna]; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi] ; [Don Herbison-Evans] ; [GALEPS]
  • Hypolimnas missipus[sic?]; [BOR], 284; [MRS], 566; [BAUR], 222

  951x624 (~55Kb) ♀ EXPO Park Motobu, Okinawa, Ryukyus, Japan, 8-93, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt

  1224x918 (~210Kb) ♂ upperside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya environs, Ko Lan island, ruderal vegeation at a roadside. 15th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

  600x400 (~41Kb) ♂ underside India: Melghat, 5.10.2008, Photo © Kedar Tokekar

  Larva on Portulaca oleracea [BIR], Malvaceae , Portulacaceae , Ficus [NAB], Asystasia , Justicia , Blepharis , Ruellia , Pseuderantheum [BK], Convolvulaceae [BCR], Portulaca oleracea, Asystasia gangetica, Pseuderanthemum variabile Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts., Asystasia , Barlesia , Blepharis , Justicia , Pseuderanthemum , Ruellia , Amaranthus , Eleais , Batatas , Abelmoschus , Abutilon , Gossypium , Hibiscus , Ficus ?, Plantago , Portulaca , Talinum , Elatostema Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 214, (as missipus) Portulaca , P. okracea, Abutilon , Hibiscus , Plantago asiatica, P. major [MRS]

• Hypolimnas monteironis (Druce, 1874) E.Nigeria - Tanzania, W.Kenya. See [maps]

  • Diadema monteironis Druce, 1874; Cistula ent. 1 (10): 286; TL: Old Calabar

  • Hypolimnas monteironis; [AfrL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • monteironis; [EBW], (name only)
  • ?montieronis; (missp.?)
  • H. m. monteironis Cameroun - Angola, E.Zaire

    • Hypolimnas monteironis monteironis; [BAFR], 218; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
  • H. m. major Rothschild, 1918 Uganda Black-Tipped Diadem

    • Hypolimnas monteironis major Rothschild, 1918; Novit. Zool. 25: 344; TL: Uganda

    • Hypolimnas monteironis major; [BAFR], 218 (text); [BK]: 342, pl. 48, f. 594; [AfrL]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

    Larva on Urera , Fleurya [BK]

• Hypolimnas arakalulk Semper, 1906

  • Hypolimnas arakalulk Semper, 1906; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 18 (2): 253; TL: Karolinen Arch.

  • Hypolimnas arakalulk; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note), 33
  • H. a. arakalulk Carolines

    • Hypolimnas arakalulk arakalulk; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note), 33
  • H. a. marianensis Fruhstorfer, 1912 Marianas (Saipan, Guam)

    • Hypolimnas octocula marianensis Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 555

    • Hypolimnas arakalulk marianensis; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note), 36
    • Hypolimnas octocula marianensis; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas octocula (Butler, 1869) New Hebrides, Marianas

  • Diadema octocula Butler, 1869; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 3 (13): 19; TL: Tologa I. [Totoya]

  • Hypolimnas octocula arakaluk; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas octocula; [BOW]: pl. 146, f. 6; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note); [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. o. octocula New Hebrides, Fiji, Tonga, N.Vanuatu

    • Diadema formosa Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Stettin ent. Ztg 30 (1-3): 71, pl. 4, f. 17
      • = ; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16

    • Hypolimnas octocula formosa; [BAUR], 224 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas octocula octocula; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16; [BAUR], 224; [iNaturalist]

    Larva on Cypholophus macrocephalus, Pipturus argenteus, Portulaca oleracea Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 21,23

  • H. o. perryi (Butler, [1876]) Vanuatu

    • Diadema perryi Butler, [1876]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1875 (4): 613, pl. 67, f. 3; TL: Eromango, New Hebrides
    • Hypolimnas pallas Grose-Smith, 1897; Ann. Mag. Nat. hist. (6) 19: 406; TL: New Hebrides
      • = ; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note), 23

    • Hypolimnas bolina perryi; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas octocula pallas; [BAUR], 224 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas octocula perryi; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note), 23; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas pallas; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1898, Rhop. Exot. [2] 3: (Hypolimnas) 5, pl. 3, f. 1-2
  • H. o. elsina (Butler, 1877) New Caledonia, Loyalty Is.

    • Diadema elsina Butler, 1877; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 20 (118): 351; TL: Lifu I.
    • Diadema lifuana Butler, 1877; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 20 (118): 351; TL: Lifu I.
      • = ; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 303

    • Hypolimnas octocula elsina; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 303; [BAUR], 224 (text); Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16, 29; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas octocula elsina f. elsina; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 29
    • Hypolimnas octocula elsina f. lifuana; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16, 30
    • Hypolimnas octocula lifuana; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. o. samoa Samson, 1986 Samoa

    • Hypolimnas octocula samoa Samson, 1986; Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16, 23; TL: Samoa
  • H. o. futunaensis Samson, 1986 New Hebrides (Futuna)

    • Hypolimnas octocula futunaensis Samson, 1986; Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16, 25; TL: S.New Hebrides, Futuna
  • H. o. tanna Samson, 1986 New Hebrides (Tanna)

    • Hypolimnas octocula tanna Samson, 1986; Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16, 27; TL: S.New Hebrides, Tanna Is.
• Hypolimnas errabunda Hopkins, 1927 Samoa

  • Hypolimnas errabunda Hopkins, 1927; Insects of Samoa 3 (1): 23; TL: Samoa

  • Hypolimnas errabunda; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note), 37; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas pandarus (Linnaeus, 1758) Moluccas

  • Papilio pandarus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 461; TL: Amboina?
  • Papilio pipleis Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 476
  • Papilio calisto Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): pl. 24, f. A, B
  • Papilio (Nymphalis) lacteolus Gmelin, 1788; in Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (edn 13) 1 (5): 2290
  • triumphans Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 554

  • Hypolimnas pandarus triumphans; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas pandarus; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 146, f. 7; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note); [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • Papilio pandarus; Linnaeus, 1764, Mus. Lud. Ulr.: 198

  Misidentified/misapplied:

  • Diadema pandarus (= Hypolimnas deois hewitsoni); Hewitson, 1858, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1858: 464, pl. 54, f. 1-2
  • H. p. pandarus Ambon, Serang, Saparua

    • Hypolimnas pandarus pandarus; [BAUR], 224
  • H. p. pandora (Wallace, 1869) Buru

    • Diadema pandora Wallace, 1869; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1869 (4): 281; TL: Buru

    • Hypolimnas pandarus pandora; [BAUR], 224; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. p. hewitsoni Wallace, 1869 Kai I.

    • pandarus hewitsoni Wallace, 1869; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1869 (4): 282

    • Hypolimnas pandarus hewitsoni; [BAUR], 224
• Hypolimnas pithoeka Kirsch, 1877 -. See [maps]

  • Hypolimnas pithoeka Kirsch, 1877; Mitt. zool. Mus. Dresden (2): 125
  • illuminata Fruhstorfer, 1912; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 544

  • Hypolimnas pithoeka illuminata; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas pithoeka; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note); [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. p. pithoeka West Irian - Papua

    • Diadema unicolor Salvin & Godman, 1877; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1877: 144, pl. 23, f. 1-2; TL: Duke of York I.

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka pithoeka; [BAUR], 219
    • Hypolimnas pithoeka unicolor; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. p. dampierensis Rothschild, 1915 Dampier I.

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka dampierensis Rothschild, 1915; Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 204; TL: Dampier Island

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka dampierensis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. p. vulcanica Rothschild, 1915 Manam I.

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka vulcanica Rothschild, 1915; Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 205; TL: Vulcan Island

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka vulcanica; [BAUR], 219; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. p. fumosus Joicey & Noakes, 1915 Biak

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka fumosus Joicey & Noakes, 1915; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 (2): 191; TL: Biak

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka fumosus; [BAUR], 219 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. p. bradleyi Howarth, 1962 Rennell I.

    • pithoeka bradleyi Howarth, 1962; The Natural History of the Rennell and Bellona Is. (4): 71; TL: Rennell I.

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka bradleyi; [BAUR], 219 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. p. ferruginea Howarth, 1962 Bellona I.

    • pithoeka ferruginea Howarth, 1962; The Natural History of the Rennell and Bellona Is. (4): 73; TL: Bellona I.

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka ferruginea; [BAUR], 219 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. p. gretheri Clark, 1946 Admiralty Is.

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka gretheri Clark, 1946; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 59: 119; TL: Lou I., Admiralty Is.

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka gretheri; [BAUR], 219 (text); [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • H. p. salomona D'Abrera, 1977 Gudalcanal

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka salomona D'Abrera, 1977; Butts. Aust. Region: 219; TL: Mt. Gallego, Guadalcanal

    • Hypolimnas pithoeka salomona; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
• Hypolimnas salmacis (Drury, 1773) -. See [maps]

  • Papilio salmacis Drury, 1773; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 2: pl. 8, f. 1-2
  • Papilio omphale Stoll, [1790]; Aanhangsel Werk, Uitl. Kapellen (2-5): pl. 26, f. 1, 1a
  • Hypolimnas salmacis cissalma Suffert, 1904; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 110; TL: Camerun
  • Hypolimnas salmacis ♀ f. ochreata Joicey & Talbot, 1921; Bull. Hill Mus. 1 (1): 56
  • transiens Dufrane, 1953; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 89: 44; TL: Ivory Coast
  • interrupta Dufrane, 1953; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 89: 44; TL: Belgian Congo

  • Hypolimnas salmacis ochreata; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas salmacis; [BOW]: pl. 104, f. 5; [AfrL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
  • H. s. salmacis Sierra Leone - Cameroun, Gabon, Zaire, W.Uganda (Bwamba Valley)

    • Hypolimnas salmacis salmacis; [BAFR], 216; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
  • H. s. magnifica Rothschild, 1918 Uganda Blue Diadem

    • Hypolimnas salmacis magnifica Rothschild, 1918; Novit. Zool. 25: 343; TL: Uganda

    • Hypolimnas salmacis magnifica; [BAFR], 216 (text); [BK]: 342, pl. 48, f. 595; [AfrL]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

    Larva on Fleurya , Urera [BK]

  • H. s. platydema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 S.Ethiopia

    • Hypolimnas salmacis platydema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 10 (3): 524; TL: Scheko

    • Hypolimnas salmacis platydema; [BAFR], 216; [AfrL]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. s. thomensis Aurivillius, 1910 São Tomé I.

    • Hypolimnas salmacis var. thomensis Aurivillius, 1910; Ann. Mus. Stor. nat. Genova (3) 4 / 44: 510

    • Hypolimnas salmacis thomensis; [BAFR], 216; [AfrL]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • H. s. insularis Schultze, 1920

    • salmacis insularis Schultze, 1920; Ergeb. 2tn. Dt. Zent. Afrika Exp. 1 (14): 805; TL: Fernando Po

    • Hypolimnas salmacis insularis; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas saundersii (Wallace, 1869) Timor. See [maps]

  • Diadema saundersi Wallace, 1869; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1869 (4): 282; TL: Timor

  • Hypolimnas saundersi; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  • Hypolimnas saundersii; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 16 (note); [iNaturalist]
  • H. s. saundersii Timor

    • Hypolimnas saundersii saundersii; [BAUR], 224
  • H. s. junia Fruhstorfer, 1903 Wetar

    • Hypolimnas pandarus junia Fruhstorfer, 1903; Berl. ent. Zs. 47 (3/4): 234; TL: Wetter

    • Hypolimnas saundersi junia; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
    • Hypolimnas saundersii junia; [BAUR], 224 (text)
• Hypolimnas usambara (Ward, 1872) E.Kenya (coastal), E.Tanzania (coastal). See [maps] Usambara Diadem Red Spot Diadem

  • usambara (Ward, 1872) (Diadema); Ent. mon. Mag. 9: 148

  • Hypolimnas usambara; [BOW]: pl. 104, f. 8; [BAFR], 222; [BK]: 341, pl. 47, f. 593; [AfrL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

  Larva on Fleurya , Urera [BK]

• Hypolimnas inopinata Waterhouse, 1920 Fiji

  • Hypolimnas inopinata Waterhouse, 1920; Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 45 (3): 468; TL: Waidoi, Fiji

  • Hypolimnas inopinata; Samson, 1986, Tyô to Ga 37 (1): 40; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Hypolimnas aurifascia Mengel, 1903 New Hebrides

  • Hypolimnas aurifascia Mengel, 1903; Ent. News 14 (6): 167, pl. 7; TL: Santo, New Hebrides

  • Hypolimnas aurifascia; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

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If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.