1ОЋ) ЇЇЇЇЇЈ n-2-2-002.01 President's Message Dear Internauts: Internet seems to be in the public eye daily. Certainly, my telephone message stack and email are filled with calls asking about the future of Internet, how to get on it and what to do when you get there. I admit to being a bit surprised to find an advertisement in the Wall Street Journal titled "Explore the Internet - Free!" by Delphi. Of course, this is precisely what all of us have been hoping for - global and ubiquitous expansion of Internet services. I am scheduled to travel a good deal this year and participated in the Joint European Network Conference (JENC) at Trondheim, Norway in May. This was a well-attended conference and included demonstrations of packet voice and video, directory services and resource discovery facilities. Our European colleagues are contributing greatly to Internet infrastructure and technology evolution. In June, I was able to attend the semi-annual meeting of the German Research Network Association (DFN-Verein) in Berlin at the invitation of DFN. The attendees from scores of institutions around Germany gave palpable proof of their intense interest in the use of the Internet as a research infrastructure. There was a strong interest in persuading the German telecommunications companies to become partners with the research community in extending the capacity and scope of networking services in that country and maintaining high capacity linkages to the rest of the Internet community. As I write this message, I am preparing to leave for Ottawa to represent the Internet Society at a gathering sponsored by the Canadian Government. There is a healthy and growing interest in Canada in computers and communications not only for the research community but also in the private sector. I hope to encourage increased Canadian involvement in Internet growth and application. With the IETF meeting in Amsterdam in July, I want to underscore an important responsibility which the Internet Society has undertaken to help support the work of the IETF. For many years, agencies of the US Government (ARPA, DOE, NASA and NSF) have provided support for the IETF secretariat. In view of the fact that the benefits of this work are now global in scope and range well beyond the research community, additional support is needed which should come from the beneficiaries of the work. The Internet Society has committed to help provide this additional support, but to do it requires a major commitment by industry and academia. ISOC NEEDS CORPORATE AND ORGANIZATIONAL SPONSORS if it is to make good on this commitment. Please examine the back cover of this issue of Internet Society News. If your organization is not yet a member of the Society, please do what you can to persuade your organization to join. This is a very crucial time in the technological evolution of the Internet and it is vital that the IETF receive the support it needs to carry out its tasks. I want to take this opportunity to express the appreciation of the Internet Society and especially the IETF participants for the efforts of the U.S. Federal Agencies. IETF is one of the most effective technology transfer mechanisms ever organized and has certainly been a major stimulus to the spread of Internet into the private sector and around the world. Information on organizational membership opportunities can be obtained from isoc@isoc.org. It is also found in the Internet Society gopher server. 1993 is the last year that organizations can obtain Founding Memberships, so please don't delay. Vinton G. Cerf President n-2-2-003.01 Editorial The Internet has grown in the past year even faster than it's usual exponential expansion. There is now considerable widespread interest in monitoring this expansion. Perhaps this explains the strong positive response to the section on Internet metrics in the last issue of Internet Society News. We will continue in this and subsequent issues to provide continuing reference information. The "Internet" is clearly a part of a larger phenomenon called internetworking - that subset of the 45,000 current registered internetworks that have known connectivity among eachother. This relationship is a major driver - particularly as isolated enterprise internets discover the value of connectivity. It also provides major scales of economy in products and services used by all internets. Much of this new growth worldwide is occurring from the attachment of business enterprises. The inevitable question occurs: what are all these enterprises doing with their Internet connectivity? At least one use is obvious: companies large and small around the world are rapidly putting up gopher servers. All of this seems to be fostered by a constant barrage of material in nearly all the major newspapers and trade publications around the world highlighting this emerging usage. Because of this expansion in scope and use of internetworking technologies and the Internet, the Internet Society News will also begin expanding its focus to encompass these changes. N-2-2-011.10 Toward the Haitian Research Network by Daniel Pimienta* Haiti is known as the least developed country of Latin America and the Caribbean, with figures closer to Africa than to America. The recent political history shows a difficult process toward democracy and persistent turmoils. If the research environment, as in other parts of the sub-region, is weak, in qualitative and quantitative terms (some 1000/2000 researchers), the large number of acting NGO's and the importance, in any standards, of the Haitian "diaspora" makes the creation of a research network a basic priority for both development and democratic growths. In the past years, there have been some intents to trigger the process both from inside and outside the country: all have been unable to overcome the political up and downs of Haiti. The institutional logic of the cooperation process have represented a clear obstacle to keep on with projects because of fast and often violent changes in the country's political paths. There is clear evidence that some new way to make things happen is required. It is also sad and paradoxical to recognize that the very situation which effects cause obstacles in the process of creation of a research network, should, on the contrary, justify the absolute urgency for the existence of this network! Among the efforts, we are aware, that have tried to converge the process, encouraging the fusion of the inside and outside initiatives, the REDALC project and one of it's by-products, the Dominican Network (REDID) have been consistently present. In June 1991, a REDALC project's 10 days mission was successfully set-up and, beside the diagnostic established, some sensitization and momentum effects were obtained. Unfortunately, the planned participation of Haitian representatives in the first REDALC International Workshop (held in Santo Domingo, in July 1991) was not well managed. The initial idea of the creation of the Dominican Network (one of the decisions emerging from this workshop) was based on the cooperation of both countries. Few steps were taken that way but, again, REDID was born in May 1992, without the counterpart birth on the other side of the frontier. By the end of 1992, with the support of UNESCO/Cresalc, a draft project (based on the idea to organize Haitian users and technicians training, abroad, in Martinica) was defined by Union Latina and the status was to look after complementary support to move on. This "unachieved story" had some positive side effects: - the uprising of the Haitian network objective as a priority item in the national and international priority agendas, - the maturation of an appropriate strategy and methodology, - and, most important, the existence of a motivated and coordinated group of people, on both sides of the frontier. The catalyst of all the ingredients happened in Santo Domingo, between the 1Oth and the 14th of May 1993, during a workshop held in the Redalc Office, with the financial support of Union Latina, the Constitutional Haitian Embassy, Unesco/Cresalc, the University of Quebec, four Haitian NGOs (Inter-OPD, GHRAP, CRESFED and CREDIP) and the participation of a Haitian representative set of people belonging to the research or telecommunication fields. To restate the general impression expressed, after completion, during the evaluation: "WE ALL GOT THE CONVICTION THAT SOMETHING IMPORTANT AND UNBEATABLE WAS BORN, AND WE ARE ALL COMMITTED TO WORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NETWORK WHICH WILL DRASTICALLY CHANGE THE REALITY OF RESEARCH IN OUR COUNTRY". Which are the factors which lead to that positive conclusion? 1) The quality and representativeness of the Haitian coordination group formed (a telematic specialist chairing a value-added network company with branches in Haiti, Dominican Republic, and Miami, and key representatives of the University, the agronomic research sector, some key NGO's, including an association which articulates most of them and, indirectly, official representatives of the telecommunications). 2) The expressed and demonstrated will to open the process to all the research sectors (the group is now being extended to the private University Kiskeya and the documentation sector). 3) The level of agreement on the basic statements toward the network: *The project must be conducted independently of the political, present, immediate future and other possible subsequent changes. *The network will be open to all research entities with no consideration of political or ideological belonging. *The REDALC methodology and the existing Union Latina draft project can be use as basis and adapted whenever necessary, in a participative fashion. *The technical solution must show the capacity to be strongly resistant to catastrophic situations, being natural or not. Last, but not least, the impressive follow-up realized since then: *Transitory connection realized between the two parts of the island, thanks to the support of a private company, *Systematic implementation of the first steps of the prepared action plan, including the organization of public activities and the constitution of acting working groups. What's up next? The action plan contemplates Haitian participation in INET93 and the Caracas 3rd regional meeting. A steering committee has been formed with people agreeing to dedicate at least 25% of their working time. Meetings are being organized and scheduled back in Haiti to create the user base and participation. Funds are being looked after to make the process accelerate. A listserv is being open in Venezuela (HAITI-L@CONICIT.VE) to help Haitian Diaspora participate in the process. The tentative target date for implementation is by end of the year. More details will be found in the August edition of Matrix News. More information can be request directly to the author or will be forwarded, on request, by the author to the Haitian Steering Committee. Organisations and people interested in bringing support and/or constructive participation are invited to identify themselves and formulate offers. *Redalc Projects Manager, Union Latina n-2-2-012.05 FIRST COORDINATED INTERNATIONAL NETWORKING SERVICE FOR EUROPEAN RESEARCH COMMUNITIES DANTE - Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe Ltd - was launched on July 6th, in Cambridge, England. A multinational intiative, DANTE will provide a comprehensive pan-European network for the academic, government and commercial research community. The company will also develop and introduce advanced, high speed networks capable of supporting applications such as video-conferencing, with additional links to the US. As a result, users will be able to communicate internationally faster and more efficiently, and also look forward to an increasingly sophisticated range of services. A non-profit making organisation backed by 12 European countries, DANTE will take on the role of European coordinator of network services for the research community, providing a bridge for users to international networks which will be accessed via each country's own national service (for example JANET in the UK). DANTE's services will be bought centrally by each national organisation, avoiding the need for DANTE to pass on individual costs to end users. DANTE was formed by the members of RARE (Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne), a forum for the national networking organisations. RARE was created in 1986 in reaction to the chaotic and confused state of European research networks, developed piecemeal throughout the eighties. The lack of centralised and coordinated network planning has long been seen as a major weakness in Europe, especially when compared to the role played by the US Federal Governement in promoting an advanced data communications infrastructure. DANTE has already agreed to take over the management of the contract for the existing EuropaNET network, and is currently in negotiation with Ebone - the other major network provider. DANTE has already set up a gateway to help users access both services, which had not previously been possible. By initiating developments such as these the company has already proved its commitment to providing a professional, self- supporting service, which meets the growing and changing needs of the research community. As its influence develops, DANTE will also come to represent considerable buying power within the European telecomms community. Because the end users will be connected to DANTE services via their national networks, they will only see the benefits indirectly. Of more specific interest are DANTE's long term plans to develop high speed networks up to 34 Mbps - sufficient capacity to carry broadcast quality moving images, with the obvious application of video-conferencing. Existing networks carry on average 1-2 Mbps, which only allows transmission of text and interactive computer graphics. By increasing network capacity in this way, speed of response will also improve, eliminating the delays currently experienced on the overcrowded and slow international systems. DANTE also plans to provide coordinated Email and European directory services which will enable more efficient network use. For more information: Howard Davies (joint general manager) H.E.Davies@exeter.ac.uk Joint general managers are Howard Davies (Director Computer Unit University of Exeter) and Dai Davies (formerly director COSINE Project Management Unit). The Shareholder countries which have contributed to the setting up of DANTE are France, Germany, Italy, Nordic countries, UK, Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, Greece, Portugal and Slovenia n-2-2 Internetworking for Schools in Germany by Klaus Fueller I am Postmaster@Schule.de, and responsable for networking in schools in Germany. We are a group of teachers in Germany which is promoting the use of networks in schools and in teacher-training. With the support of the German Unix User Group (GUUG) we created the Domain `schule.de' as an organizational hook-up for schools in our country. At the moment, we have 90+ schools connected to the UseNet/Internet and we have developed some basic material about networking in schools. We drive a Newsgroup-Hierarchy in German: SCHULE.* and are participating in an European News-Hierarchy: SCHOOL.*, mainly in English. The current situation in Germany: Many schools are actively participating in "Aquadata", an ecological net on water-quality in lakes and rivers. Others participate from time to time in international dicussions such as "racism and hostility against strangers". Some schools (such as mine) have established email-projects with different other schools mainly in Europe. We have a lack of - concepts to bring interested partners together (some sort of moderators or "animateurs") - meaningful FAQs with educational-related questions - universities which support the connection of schools As a consequence of the last point many schools (such as mine) do not get the K-12-Hierarchy because they have to transfer data over long-distance phone-calls. Additionally, the focus by some educational authorities on proprietary network-protocols tends to hinder the internetworking of schools. Schule.de is very interested in working more closely with ISOC and educational internetworking organizations in other countries. *Lichtenberg-Schule Kassel Klaus Fueller Brueckenhofstr. 88 D-34132 Kassel Tel: +49-561-402031 (school) n-2-2-012.55 First East-European FDDI University Network in Hungary by Laszlo Csaba*, and Laszlo Fekete** Preliminaries The idea of an Interuniversity Network (IUN) was conceived in 1989, when the Technical University of Budapest (BME) and the Budapest University of Economic Sciences (BKE) first came to the idea of connecting the two universities. The IBM Academic Initiative supported the project by placing an IBM mainframe at BKE. Later, a third university, Eotvos Lorand University of Sciences (ELTE), also joined the project. It was BKE who provided the operation of the mainframe, with ELTE responsible for applied software, while BME was responsible for the network project. At the very beginning - partly due to 1989 COCOM regulations, but also as a resolution - a high-speed (SNA-based) modem link was planned to connect the universities, to be replaced in the near future by the FDDI, as it was expected in 1990 due to the dramatic changes in the COCOM regulations. FDDI was chosen mainly because its transfer rate, data security, expandability in spite of lack of devices, cabling, etc. FDDI was also the primary choice for multimedia and graphic applications with large data transfer requirements. Realization The FDDI equipment was provided by DEC Hungary, and the cable was done by OPTOTRANS Ltd. The transparent FDDI ring covering 10 square kilometers on both sides of the Danube was put in test operation in November 1992, and it was fully functional in February 1993. Due to the ease in COCOM regulations, five local network links were implemented using CISCO routers. According to the first plan, all the universities were to be connected under a common address range. Then with the growing number of other networks joining us, it was decided to establish a C class and two B class address ranges instead, which required the use of the routers. The external link to the Internet world is performed by two 64 kbit/s leased lines from BKE and SZTAKI nodes of the Hungarian IP backbone (HBONE) to the AUSTRIAN EBONE-RBS located at Vienna University. EuropaNet X.25 connections to the ring will be active in weeks. Plans are under way to set up a similar University Union FDDI ring between Budapest University of Horticulture (KE), State Administration College (AIF), and BME. Institutes of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences will also be connected to the FDDI ring. The network will carry telephone communications as well. Another planned network is an FDDI connecting various government buildings in the metropolitan area of Budapest. The team in charge of this project had to face some technical problems during the implementation period. One of the main questions was how to transfer the cables over the Danube. The different alternatives were the following: * place them on the two bridges over the river, * build a separate bridge for the cables, * use an underground channel for this purpose. Finally, the first solution has been chosen, that is, the cables will come through the Petofi and Szabadsag bridges, because this alternative was found to be the most feasible. (The buildings of BKE and BME are between these bridges, on both sides of the Danube.) It was also difficult to obtain various permissions for the project, because of the fact that there had been no regulations for metropolitan networks in Hungary before. A good working relationship has been established with the authorities creating the new standards for future networks. **** Services at IUN **** o Mail o Domain Name Service o X.500, X.400 (in the future) o News o Gopher The BME will purchase Sun and Silicon Graphics workstations to support further services, and these will be optically connected to the network. The FDDI rings will also support the 1996 Budapest World Expo Information systems. *HUNGARNET **Network Manager of TUB n-2-2-012.70.3 Russia (GlasNet) by Anatoly Voronov The long-awaited 64 kbps channel to the Unted States, offered by the International Science Foundation of George Soros, is to be fully operational very soon, expanding immensely the Internet connectivity of the Russian academic and NGO community. A Cisco router has been installed at the Sprint premises in Moscow, and different Russian networks have been given access to it, GlasNet included. Yet, the access to this facility implies for GlasNet intrinsic Russian problems: weak internal infrastructure. While a leased line to the router is being awaited, a SLIP connection is used, and the dial-up line goes down every now and then. Despite this, GlasNet has been the first in "hooking" to this channel. Another problem is the access to GlasNet host from other cities of Russia. Infotel, a new Russian packet switching network, installs PADs in many Russian cities. Starting June 1993, the users in Vladivostok (Far East), Novosibirsk and Ekaterinburg (Siberia), Kazan (Tatarstan), Nizhni-Novgorod and Voronezh (Central Russia), can login to GlasNet by local dialup. This promises to be more reliable, though maybe not cheaper, compared with direct intercity call. Soon GlasNet expects to shift to a Sun platform. Sun donated GlasNet two workstations a year ago, but only now the formalities with the export license seem to come to an end. Regarding the enterprise use of Internet, the newly created commercial structures in Russia, mainly middlemen selling and buying commodities, and some commercial banks, use the conferencing facility of RELCOM, Russian commercial UUCP network, exchanging offers and seeking business partners. The state-owned enterprises still don't seem to understand the meaning and importance of electronic communications and prefer faxes, telexes or ordinary mail. The promising sign is that one can see more often an email address in the commercial ads published in the press. The international connectivity will be very interesting for Russian businesses. Some GlasNet users are doing business in Russia, such as TALUS Corp. (NEXTstep software developers). n-2-2-014.10.2 KCI-NET: a Role Model of East African Scientists by Shem J. Ochuodho* Formed as an international chapter of the national computer society (Kenya Computer Institute), KCI-International aims to be a worldwide association with the key objective to promote the development, usage, and advancement of information technology (IT) in Kenya and the surrounding countries. Members of KCI-International, drawn from academia and industry, are connected through a global network, KCI-NET. Comprising more than 120 Kenyans (plus a handful of other East Africans -- Ethiopians, Ugandans, Tanzanians, and Somalis -- and a dozen Africanist Honorary members) worldwide, this is the largest and fastest growing electronic network of African scientists. Indeed, KCI-NET is a unique society, given its truly "electronic" nature and orientation. It has experts (including professors, system managers/operators, and students) in a diversity of disciplines, especially networking. It offers a unique pool of Kenyan-own expertise that can be "volunteered" for national development of IT at any time within short notice. Given that its experts are available on-line, queries can be processed and responded to in a matter of minutes, at little or no cost (and without vendor bias!). Perhaps most importantly, KCI-NET has got experience with leading-edge and mainstream (and affordable) networking technologies, including TCP/IP. It also has experience with most of the low-cost technologies that have now proliferated the Third World, mainly FidoNet (the most widespread protocol in Africa) and UUCP (most common in Latin America, and fast spreading in Francophone Africa). Established in June 1991, KCI-NET now has membership in places as far afield as USA, Canada, UK, Italy, Finland, Sweden, Turkey, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, Norway, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, and of course, Kenya. The distances are blurred in the almost daily (sometimes hourly) exchanges that take place. KCI-NET was a direct off-spring of kenya-net, yet another (larger) network of Kenyans abroad, who recognized the need to remain in regular contact, and quickly took advantage of the readily available medium. Typical discussions on kenya-net range from educational to socio-economic, and often include the sharing of current news from the region -- a much sought rarity for those in diaspora! A small group of kenya-netters realized that the bandwidth could be put to equally (if not more!) productive use, by supporting discussions centred on science and technology. Hence the birth of KCI-NET. Membership has since continued to grow rapidly. One of the goals of KCI-International is to help bootstrap Kenya and adjoining regions into the networked world. Besides, with the help of well-wishers, it is hoped to acquire equipment for use in areas that need connectivity, and train users and maintainers. Other goals include participation in research and development. Members are aware of the tremendous IT potentials, and the resources it can put in the reach of researchers. It is hoped that sharing knowledge among members and with their Africa-based counterparts will facilitate effective technology transfer. Discussions are underway exploring ways in which the body can be catalytic to the process of disseminating IT and IT-related endeavours within the region through such activities as seminars and conferences. Medium term objectives include establishment of fully-fledged research and consultancy services, maintenance of a national/regional resource database and bibliographies, publication of a technical journal, participation in the formulation and implementation of national/regional IT policies, evolution of IT standards, establishment of a regional centre of excellence, and so on. To achieve some of these goals, specialized technical committees have been constituted. Some of the endeavours are already bearing fruit. A number of vital resources have already been acquired and deployed to provide e-mail to various institutions. Various voluntary consultancy errands (especially on networking equipment and software) to public academic, research and non-governmental (NGO) institutions have been accomplished or initiated. A number of workshops and seminars have successfully been run to both enlighten researchers, and sensitize the wider public -- especially into networking and its prospects. Many more training and publicization sessions are planned. Currently, members are discussing the possibility of hooking the country onto the Internet. Despite the great financial handicaps, they are doing their best (even if via the renown self-help "harambee" spirit) to contribute to achieve this desired connectivity. All going as planned, it is hoped that this connection can be realised before the end of 1993 (possibly sooner!). More recently, the group has extended its services to other African regions. This has ranged from facilitating creation of mailing lists for citizenry from other regions, to actual network installation. It equally proved necessary to start an African Regional Centre (of excellence) for Computing (ARCC), with "campuses" scattered over the continent. Under ARCC's auspices, an African Academic and Research Network Foundation (AARNEF) has been started, with the key objective of initiating, promoting and co-ordinating networking activities. KCI-NET is poised to become continent-wide. *Institute of Computer Science, University of Nairobi n-2-2-014.40 ELECTRONIC MAIL AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE by John G Sheppard CONNECTION TO INTERNET In September 1991, after several months of preliminary work, a uucp link to Rhodes University in Grahamstown, South Africa became operational using a 386 host, zimbix, in the Computer Centre at UZ for a dial-up link. Rhodes is part of the South African university network, uninet, and Rhodes has a 64 kbps open line to the USA where they connect with the Internet via alternet. Whilst a full, albeit slow, internet service is available in South Africa, we in Zimbabwe only have email access to Internet, and thence to other networks such as Bitnet, EARN, JANET, Fidonet, etc. We cannot use telnet, ftp or remote logins. In addition, there are no news feeds to zimbix at the present time as the telephone costs would be enormous. The whole operation is in danger of being stopped at any time by the inability of the Computer Centre to pay the telephone costs - the University administration does not yet seem able to recognise that email is essential in a modern university. I can only hope that their attitude changes! All our internet email goes over a slow and noisy line - we can at present only use a 2400 baud modem and even that can only operate outside of normal office hours as there is often no dialtone in office hours. The efficiency of the line, as measured by the average number of characters per second sent and received, can vary by a factor of ten. The line is often unusable for days at a time. At other times the mail flows very efficiently. An attempt will be made to use a higher speed modem in the near future, but it is unlikely to give much improvement until the Zimbabwe telephone system improves. That is probably going to happen over the next year or so as the postal authorities are currently installing fibre optics for a digital phone system in Zimbabwe. Zimbix is at present a low cost 386 machine with only 8 MB of memory and a mere 100 Megs of hard disk. A new machine is on hand. This will take over from zimbix In the near future - we have a SUN Classic is on order - part of a planned future SUN system which will replace the current central computer in the Computer Centre. zimbix is currently running under SCO Xenix plus elm and smail. There is no campus wide network at UZ and at the present there are only three terminals to zimbix in the Computer Centre, and one each in the nearby Department of Computer Science and the Institute of Mining Research. Lines will shortly be operational to six more Departments. These will use spare pairs in the campus telephone network cables. Lightning damage during the rainy season is a major problem. In the first 17 days of December 1992, zimbix suffered lightning damage - some minor, some major, - on three different occasions. Minor damage is usually the loss of one or two serial ports. On the last occasion, two multiserial cards were severely damaged and the three PCs used as terminals were all damaged. Getting such boards repaired in Zimbabwe is a problem and sending them back to the USA is an even greater problem. Yes - I do have lightning protection on all my lines! At present there are about 180 registered users of zimbix and about 1000 messages pass through zimbix each week. The number of users grows continuously as more of the UZ community become aware of what is available. ESANET PROJECT The ESANET (Eastern and South African Network) Project is a project funded by the Canadian IDRC and its objective is to link the Universities of Kenya, Zambia, Makerere, Dar es Salaam and Zimbabwe by electronic mail. Initially there was no plan to link ESANET to other networks outside, but this was soon introduced. It was decided to use FrontDoor - a Fidonet package running under MS-DOS. At UZ, the Computer Centre was initially involved in ESANET, but staffing problems made it necessary to make a choice between the Internet activities and the ESANET project - I had neither the staff nor the facilities to run both. I decided to hand over the ESANET project to Dr Rob Borland in the Dept of Computer Science. ESANET uses Frontdoor/Fidonet and operates through various NGO Fidonet nodes, such as Mango in Harare, Worknet in South Africa, and Greennet in London. My personal view is that in deciding to use just Fidonet, ESANET has made an error. Certainly software such as Frontdoor is very efficient over low quality telephone lines, but why not use uucp and ultimately tcp/ip, where it will work? There is a world of difference between uucp/xenix or unix on a multiuser, multitasking basis and use of software such as Frontdoor on a single task, single user PC, and a world of difference between the potential of a full Internet link and what Fidonet can offer. There are about 30 regular users of the ESANET link, in various departments at UZ. ESANET users are rarely also Internet users - and the reverse also appears to be true. As far as I am aware, the email through zimbix is both more reliable and faster than email going through the Fidonet link, but telephone costs may be higher, due to different telephone numbers/lines/exchanges. For reasons I do not understand, there is no direct link, using UFGATE for example, between the ESANET computer in the Department of Computer Science and zimbix in the Computer Centre. HEALTHNET A third activity is HEALTHNET. This is a medically oriented email service organized and funded by SatelLife. HEALTHNET uses satellite packet radio. The satellite used is one of the series launched by the University of Surrey. At any site, a maximum of 3 by 18 minute windows are possible in a 24 hour period. The radio equipment used consists of a multidirectional antenna, a receiver/transmitter and a microcomputer. The frequency employed is close to the amateur 2 meter band, so relatively cheap amateur equipment can be used with a little modification. The mechanism is that health related email and other information is uploaded to the satellite from St John's Memorial Hospital in Newfoundland, and downloaded to sites in developing countries. Obviously there is traffic in the reverse direction as well. The necessary equipment has been in Zimbabwe for a long time - possibly almost two years - I cannot remember the exact dates. After residing in customs for many months, the equipment was finally cleared and released, but the central postal/ telecommunications authorities refuse to issue a licence for its use. In marked contrast to the Zimbabwean situation, Healthnet is apparently operating very successfully in Zambia. THE FUTURE The development that is most needed is a move towards full Internet facilities. An open line, 9600 baud minimum, is the first essential. In the near future, I hope to see e-mail extended to the new National University of Science and Technology in Bulawayo and to the Africa University in Mutare. The University of Zimbabwe is to acquire X.25 packet switching facilities in the near future and this will be tested as an alternative to dialup on normal telephone lines. I would also like to see extension of Internet facilities to all those other organizations in Zimbabwe who are legally entitled to use it in terms of the various acceptable usage policies. -------- *Professor, University of Zimbabwe, and Director, Computer Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe .The opinions expressed below are the author's and are not to be taken as those of the University of Zimbabwe. n-2-2-015.52 Pakistan by STEVE RUTH During a recent trip to Pakistan, I found an interesting example of both the challenges and the potential successes that can be possible in international networking in a very large developing nation. First, the overall utilization of computer networks among universities and research institutes is sparse. Reasons range from costs, national priorities, lack of interest in interconnectivity, expenses of inter-city phone lines, and log-in software that is not user friendly. For the commercial sector it is much better. The NARGIS network operated by Incorporated Technologies Corporation offers dial up services to international networks. Charges are made on a per-packet basis with a typical two kilobyte package costing about USD .70. ICT offers a variety of services, heavily discounted for larger volumes. For example, a twenty percent discount is offered for data rates of 40KB per day. Many Pakistani businesses have their own networks, most based on DOS machines using the NOVELL network software, X.25 protocols and dedicated lines. Pakistan International Airlines, Railways, Sui Gas, APP, Wapda, are examples. But these services are error-prone, due to the lack of networking infrastructure in the country. (For example, remote check cashing is not possible) A major initiative to increase connectivity has been launched by Pakistan's University Grants Commission (IGC). Under this plan, five universities--in Lahore (Node name uetl), Peshawar (uetp), Jamshoro(muet), Islamabad(qau) and Muzaffarabad(ajku)--are connected to IGC's IBM RISC System/6000 UUNET node. Eventually the country's remaining seventeen universities would be connected to this network. The UUCP node has the potential for setting a standard for higher volumes of message traffic at very low unit costs. Unfortunately the dialup usually takes place only once a week, on average. In discussions with university and government officials in Islamabad it was clear that international connectivity was recognized as an important issue but could not be allocated the degree of funding that would be necessary to establish a robust backbone and facilitate significant improvements near term. (Pakistan is ranked 132 of 173 nations in the latest Human Development Index promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme) Several officials expressed the view that consensus-building and planning would be more difficult than technical details and equipment procurement. Dr. Saeed Rajput of the GIK Institute in Islamabad has developed a low unit cost, high yield plan that could make a major change in this prognosis. His idea involves a dedicated dial up line connected to four satellite links through Karachi and Lahore. Users in Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi would be instantaneously increased by a factor of ten, to over 1300. One year of this service would cost about USD 50,000 and the unit cost per message would be in the range of USD.15, comparable with many developed nations. The initial users can quickly be leveraged to a much larger number through replicatioins of Rajput's plan. Rajput and his colleague, Dr. Isa Doupata, can be reached at MASTER@IMRAN.AR.PK As one of the most populous nations in Asia, Pakistan's progress will be an important indicator of the opportunities and challenges faced in networking in the region and beyond. n-2-2-016.30 The Sustainable Development Network (SDN) by Chuck Lankester* There are a number of initiatives in UNDP which are concerned with information dissemination on environmental, social, economic and political matters. One such initiative is the Sustainable Development Network (SDN). Following up the 1992 UN Conference for Environment and Development, and the mandate given at that time for UNDP to serve as the lead agency for capacity building, solid progress has already been made in establishing a Sustainable Development Network (SDN) by UNDP. The SDN is intended to link sources and users of information on sustainable development in government, researchers, universities, the media, non-governmental organizations, other aid agencies, and entrepreneurial organizations at the national level. SDN data bases are designed to be user-friendly, low-cost and demand-driven, with open access by both users and suppliers of information related to sustainable development. SDNs will empower all stakeholders in a nation's developing planning process to be more active participants and to make decision making more transparent. Special attention will be given to locally derived indigenous knowledge and to technology transfer and sharing. Planned linking of national SDNs into global systems such as Internet will facilitate access to a worldwide knowledge base and allow practitioners of sustainable development around the world to communicate freely with one another. The initial $1.5 million allocation for the pilot programme has been fully committed and by June thirteen national and three regional SDNs will have been established, giving 20 to 25 governments access to SDNs. Prefeasibility/feasibility studies are scheduled over the next 6 months in more countries and by the end of 1993 it is expected that as many as 50 governments may be tied into the network and this critical mass will have begun interacting as a network of networks. UNDP is providing support for SDN staff, hardware and software and training. Since connectivity amongst and between the SDNs is so important, great care is being taken to select compatible hardware and software. UNDP has secured assistance from the International Development Research Center (IDRC) based in Ottawa, Canada, to assist in identifying appropriate "Starter Kits" for each country. Care is being taken to enable each SDN to utilize data bases and to link with networks already established by many UN agencies. Initial focus at the country level will be on building data bases on all relevant technical and socio-economic activities in the country including national as well as externally assisted projects. SDN's Director, Chuck Lankester, estimates that as much as 75-85% of this relevant information is presently unavailable in a useable form to decision makers in most developing countries. It is the SDN's objective that this availability of information be enhanced substantially in the next few years. *Director, UNDP Sustainable Development Network, n-2-2-020.09 Education EDI on Internet by Richard Everman * California schools - which have committed to using the Internet as their basic backbone - are currently testing the exchange of EDI transaction sets over the Internet with the largest postsecondary feeder school. Specifically, they are exchanging transaction sets 130, 131, 146, and 147 -- academic transcript, acknowledgement of having received the academic transcript, request for transcript, and response to the request for transcript. In addition, there are several academic sites in California (and elsewhere) in their initial implementation phase. The American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers defined the EDI transaction sets and pursued approval in the X12 standards committee. There are several working groups championing the Internet as a means of transferring educational and administrative material. Indeed, the Internet is viewed as playing the pivotal role folks in California in the future. The Community College Chancellor Office, The California State University Chancellor Office, and the University of California Office of the President have several task groups evaluating sending EDI and other forms over the Internet. The University of California has a pilot project to "route" EDI transactions between the Internet and VANs. The EDI dam is about to burst - like the growth of the Internet over the last couple of years. * Associate Registrar, University of California, Irvine CA USA n-2-2-020.20 The TeleRead Proposal by Billy Barron, The library profession is suffering from a severe funding problem. Libraries are getting less funding than ever while materials are costing more than ever. Most libraries are reducing services and/or new materials. David Rothman has put together a rather interesting proposal to address these problems. It's known as TeleRead. TeleRead also address such issues as copyright and electronic publishing. It is a US plan, but can easily be adopted to foreign countries. TeleRead puts forth the concept of using electronic books to solve these problems. First of all, the proposal rightly believes that laptops are now reaching the screen resolution necessary for electronic books to be readable. The distribution system would be known as TRnet. TRNet might reside on the Internet or exist in parallel. Access to TRnet would be free or be available at a modest flat rate and access for poor people would be free under any case. TRnet would carry all new books and other materials. The proposal suggests that all materials longer than 10,000 words would have to be in digital form on TRnet for the government to grant a copyright on it. Many copyright issues are covered, including protection of unpublished manuscripts, but I lack space here for details. The proposal does cover everything including how publishers and authors make their money. The writer payment system is fairer than the current system. Where do librarians fit into the picture? They would be responsible for developing and managing the collections available on TRnet. Even bookstores have their role in this proposal in providing additional access to materials, both electronic and hardcopy. Part of the funding for TRnet would go to laptop computers for the poor. These laptops would be designed for maximum usability with TeleRead. I think the benefits of this focus will allow them to be better bookreaders than anything we have currently. Rothman is suggesting that TRnet could also be used for electronic submission of forms to the government. This should save the government quite a bit of money by eliminating the manual processing of documents (especially tax returns). TRnet can also be used as a software distribution channel and be more consistent. It would largely replace the current shareware market. Among the host of documents available on TRnet would be voting records and other government documents. This would allow voters to become more informed and make better choices in their officials. If you are interested in seeing the actual proposal, it is available for anonymous FTP on ftp.utdallas.edu as /pub/staff/billy/teleread.doc and ftp.cic.net as /pub/e-serials/related/teleread.doc. Via Gopher it can be found on gopher.cic.net in "Electronic Serials/Related Materials." n-2-2-022.22 Scientific Network Infrastructure in Developing Countries by Wendy White, Developing country scientists are not always the only ones working in isolation. Although donor and technical assistance agencies may have good intentions, they often don't communicate very well among themselves. This leads to duplication of effort and poor sharing of information about lessons learned. Information professionals working on electronic networking in the world's isolated or marginalized areas may be better than most about communicating about their activities but, despite their best efforts, more could and should be done. Some of these "networkers" just want to be able to USE the networks to improve their communications with colleagues in these regions; others are more interested in actually building the network infrastructure. Whatever the prime interests are, however, there seems to be merit in working more closely together. This was the premise of a meeting held on 14 June 1993 at the National Research Council. A number of people involved in electronic networking in the world's developing or redeveloping regions got together to discuss their current activities and decided that a regular forum for the exchange of ideas and experiences would be helpful. One could divide the meeting participants several ways. There were those: 1) working in particular geographic regions (Africa, Latin America, Isfaristan..); 2) working in particular subject fields (medicine, agriculture, technical assistance...); or 3) working with particular groups (PVOs, NGOs, universities). People working within one or several of these groups tend not to recognize the others or, at best, might only be remotely aware of activities in related groups. Thus a networker interested in agriculture in Africa may know of other African networks in any field or of other agricultural networks in any region. It is doubtful, however, that that person knows about EVERY agricultural network or about EVERY network in Africa. Yet all networkers are building toward the same goal, always with scarce human and financial resources. If an investment is made in building a communication highway, then we should realize an economy-of-scale by allowing that highway to carry all sorts of traffic, to all sorts of people. It just makes good sense to work together to build the highways. At the very least, it makes sense to be aware of the roads that others are planning; only then can we decide with some intelligence whether that particular road is going where we want and in the way that we want to get there. For information about future meetings of this international networkers forum/special interest group, please contact Jim Bascom at 202-393-4421 or Wendy White at 202-334-2639. (WWhite@NAS.EDU) n-2-2- Internet Debut into the World of Publishing by Laura Fillmore The Internet paid a surprise visit to the publishing industry in Miami Beach in late May. For the first time in the history of the American Booksellers Association (ABA) annual convention, the largest publishing show in the U.S., a live Internet link provided by UUNET Technologies right from the show floor hooked the publishing community to the world's largest network of networks. The Internet booth offered ABA visitors a one-stop, comprehensive look at the Internet and the publishing opportunities it offers--and plenty of information about how individuals and companies can hook up immediately. Staffed with expert Internet volunteers, and filled with informative Internet literature, the Internet Start-Up booth offered visitors a lively and interactive "tour" of the Internet. [LEAVE ABOUT 6 LINES FOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS OF GIFTS] Now the publishing community knows about the Internet. The Internet Booth seems to have impressed everyone. It was the busiest booth by far in the Science and Technology section - frequently we were in overflow mode and people were waiting in the aisle to talk to Tracy LaQuey, Peter Deutsch, Jane Smith, Dale Dougherty, and Susan Estrada. Publishers Weekly, Newsweek, Dallas Times, WNTV, WGBH, 60 Minutes interviewed us; ceo's and executives from major publishers came by to see what opportunities the Internet holds for publishers. We got a good mailing list for folks interested in starting up a PUBSIG. People seem to see that the Internet will play a major role in publishing, and collectively we spent a few hundred hours talking about issues dear to publishers' and booksellers' hearts: piracy, pornography, pricing, privacy, and opportunity. Bear in mind that our start-up booth appeared most humble; without the flash, glitz, and broad spread of other booths, our little 10X10 had *content*. Sure, things looked bleak during set-up. A LAN missing a T-connector; an uncooperative phone line; fed ex boxes that didn't arrive; shelves that didn't show up; and, to top it off, a major ceiling leak developed a hundred feet over our booth so that they had to put up a plastic tarp over us to protect hardware and thousands of handouts. Thanks to help from friends everything was up and running by the opening bell, the ceiling leak dried up, and we successfully demo'ed the Internet to tomorrow's content providers. From the looks of things, tomorrow may come very soon. The Internet Start-Up Booth is headed for the Frankfurt Book Fair in October, where a crowd of 260,000 is expected. n-2-2-020.45 Emergency Management During the past two years, ISOC officers have been working with diverse bodies dealing with potential Internet applications in emergency management and humanitarian relief situations. This includes Marie-Jo Floret , the Communications Director at the United Nations Disaster Relief Organization (UNDRO) at Geneva. See ISOC News, Vol. 1, Issue 1 at page 25. (The organization has recently been renamed the Department of Humanitarian Affairs ). One of the more significant recent developments has been an initiative by the State of California to create what has rapidly become a global discussion group among all those concerned with disaster relief. "Networks In Emergency Management" is a moderated forum on the use of computer networks and networked computers in the practice of emergency management. Opinions and representations are the writers' own. Comments for inclusion in this forum may be mailed to "nets@oes.ca.gov". To join the "nets" mailing list, please send e-mail to "nets-request@oes.ca.gov" with the word "subscribe" in the text of the message. To remove yourself from the list, send mail to that same address with the word "unsubscribe" in the text. Back issues and other text files are available from our e-mail server. For information on how to use the server, send mail to "nets-request@oes.ca.gov" with a message body of "help". For an index of available files, send mail to the same address with a message body of "index". Please DO NOT send subscription or other server requests to "nets@oes.ca.gov"; that address is for submissions to the forum only. n-2-2 The RIPE NCC - Coordinating European Internetworking by Daniel Karrenberg, Anne Lord and Marten Terpstra* About RIPE RIPE (Reseaux IP Europeens) is a collaborative organisation open to all European Internet service providers. The objective of RIPE is to ensure the necessary administrative and technical coordination to allow the operation of a European IP internetworks. RIPE does not operate a network of its own. RIPE has been functioning since 1989. Currently more than 60 organisations participate in the work. The result of the RIPE coordination effort is that the individual end-user is presented on their desktop with a uniform IP service irrespective of the particular network his or her workstation is attached to. In June 1993 more than 404,000 hosts throughout Europe are reachable via networks coordinated by RIPE. The total number of systems reachable worldwide is estimated at about 1.6 million. The RIPE Network Coordination Centre The RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) is a European organisation chartered to support all those RIPE activities which cannot be effectively performed by volunteers from the participating organisations. As such, it provides a wide range of technical and administrative support to network operators in the Internet community across Europe. The charter of the NCC is formally described in the NCC Activity Plan (document ripe-35 in the RIPE document store). The RIPE NCC currently has 3 permanent staff members. The RARE association provides the legal and financial framework for the NCC. Funding for the first year of operation of the NCC is provided by EARN, the national members of RARE, Israel and EUnet. First Year Achievements The following section summarises the core activities of the RIPE NCC during its first year of operation. For details see the NCC Quarterly Reports (1-4) available from the RIPE documents store. The RIPE Database In many operational situations ranging from loss of connectivity to intrusion attempts it is necessary to establish quickly who is actually responsible a specific IP network or DNS domain, and find a way to contact them. To answer this need one of the core activities of the NCC is maintaining the RIPE Network Management Database often referred to just as `RIPE Database'. This database contains information needed for the technical coordination of European IP networks. The RIPE database is maintained at the RIPE NCC in cooperation with local Internet Registries throughout Europe and can be queried from anywhere on the Internet using a variety of methods including the standard WHOIS service. Currently decentralised servers for access to the database are being set up. Regional Internet Registry In order to operate IP networks in the Internet or between organisations each physical network must use a unique IP address. Other number spaces like the Autonomous System numbers need also be maintained in a way to guarantee uniqueness. This is the task of the Internet Registry. Before the RIPE NCC existed these tasks were performed centrally for all IP Internets under the auspices of single U.S. based contractor funded by various US agencies. As internets and the Internet have proliferated around the world (nearly 50 % are now outside the U.S.), it has been recognised that IP address space and registration responsibilities must be effectively distributed on a global basis. In part, the creation of the Internet Society and its incorporation of the Internet Architecture Board furthered this aim, as the Internet Assigned Number Authority reports to the IAB. This need was also met by delegating IANA registration responsibilities to the RIPE NCC, which has set up the Regional Internet Registry and a network of Local Internet Registries at IP service providers for Europe. The RIPE NCC has identified and helped to set up more than 70 local registries to date. These local registries serve either the customers of a particular service provider or all organisations within a country which do not have a service provider. The latter category of registries is called `Non-Service Provider' registry, a community service which to date is being provided free of charge. So far 21 organisations willing to provide this have established a non-service provider registry. Most European organi- -sations now have access to a local registry which knows the local environment, speaks the local language and can provide most registration functions locally. Only requests for large amounts of address space are being reviewed by the NCC. As a result of these initiatives, IP number allocation to European organisations is now easier, more timely and last but not least, comports better with Internet globalization. Particularly the local support and the increased responsiveness are appreciated by network operators. To date the European Internet Registry system has allocated more than 10,000 network numbers, 500 of which are currently being routed on the Internet. This shows that many organisations are using the Internet protocols without actually connecting to the Internet, at least not initially. Another clearly visible trend is that the vast majority of new address space is assigned for purposes other than research and development. General Coordination Network operators need to coordinate with each other in order to maintain the functionality of the European Internet. RIPE is the forum for this coordination and much of it is done at the meetings RIPE holds three times a year. RIPE working groups discuss specific problems and produce recommendations. Between RIPE meetings a focus for these activities is needed. The NCC supports general RIPE activities by providing a focal point for and by fielding many queries. This activity is not easy to describe or quantify. Nevertheless the NCC plays an important role in many RIPE activities just by providing a permanently staffed location that keeps track of activities and is able to perform small but urgently needed tasks. In addition the NCC organises the RIPE meetings. Information Services In today's fast-changing Internet, network operators need to find relevant information quickly. In order to support this, the RIPE NCC maintains the `RIPE Document Store'.The document store is a collection of RIPE's own documents and information relevant to the Internet in general such as RFCs, Internet Drafts and other technical documentation. Publicly available software tools which are useful for network operators are also made available via the document store.The document store can be accessed with traditional tools such as interactive login from the Internet and via X.25 based networks and FTP. It can also be accessed with many of the new resource discovery tools such as Archie, Wide Area Information Server (WAIS), Gopher and World Wide Web (WWW). Opportunities and Challenges After one year of operation the RIPE NCC is now well established and widely appreciated. But the Internet is changing: There are more network operators and service providers. Organisations outside the R&D community discover the Internet. The hierarchical topology based on backbone networks is disintegrating and more complex topologies are emerging in an increasingly competitive environment. Demanding applications such as real time multi-media multicasts are appearing. The NCC is very well suited to help the European Internet community to meet these challenges. Managing Growth In order to meet the challenge of growth and increasing complexity, the Routing Registry project has been started. This will provide the network operators with a way of registering the way they exchange routing information. The registered information will be used to maintain consistency of the routing exchanges and thus maintain connectivity in the Internet. The registry will also provide the operators with a way to specify and test routing policies before implementing them in the production network. Finally the registry information will be used by a number of tools for diagnosing operational problems. The routing registry will provide the configuration information for Route Servers installed at major interchange points. These Route Servers will provide a consistent picture of Internet routing to network operators. Running the Routing Registry and the Route Servers obviously needs to be done by a neutral organisation like the NCC. RARE and RIPE have started a common project to implement a European Route Server which is initially funded by SURFnet via RARE. The project is being realised with considerable support of the NCC. Quality of Service Determining and maintaining quality of service levels is attracting more and more attention. The Internet consists of many service providers. The quality of service seen by the end-user often is a product of the qualities of a large number of independent providers. There is a need to monitor this `global' quality of service. Again this task calls for an unbiased and qualified organisation such as the NCC. Training of Network Operators More and more network operators and service providers get involved in the European Internet. Often their culture is very different from the Internet community culture, yet their engineering and operations staff need to be integrated in the RIPE community if the European Internet is to remain functioning. Also the new technologies like Routing Registry and Route Servers need to be understood and used by all service providers in order to work well. Given the necessary resources the NCC could help here by providing high quality training. Keeping the NCC alive Currently only a subset of European service providers contributes to NCC funding. This needs to change if the NCC is to be stable and thriving. All European Internet service providers need to contribute in fair manner. Only this way the NCC will be able to perform its core activities in a neutral and unbiased manner. RIPE together with the current funders has developed a funding model to secure NCC funding in the future. Consensus about this model needs to be established quickly and European Internet Service providers will have to commit to contribute their fair share to support the core activities of the NCC. Special development projects can and should be funded separately form the core activities. *RIPE NCC Kruislaan 409 NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel: +31 20 592 5065 Fax: +31 20 592 5090 E-mail: ncc@ripe.net n-2-2-040.20 The Internet Standards Process by Bob Braden* Over the past 10 years, the IAB has initiated, and helped to shape, the development of the current practices for setting standards for the Internet. Many of the people deeply involved in setting Internet standards have been known to express deep conviction about the effectiveness of this process, and there is major commercial success to support their belief. The Internet standards process is outlined in our document RFC-1310, "The Internet Standards Process". However, the formal rules are only a small part of the story. The rules were developed,and they operate, in the context of a rather distinctive social culture. This is the culture of the Internet community in general and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in particular. One cannot understand how Internet standards are created without some idea of how IETF meetings are run, and how the IETF attendees view themselves and what they are doing. For this purpose, I recommend RFC-1391, "The Tao of IETF: A Guide for New Attendees of the Internet Engineering Task Force". Standards setting cannot avoid politics or the profit motive. The Internet standardization rules and the culture of the IETF recognize these inevitables, but attempt to subordinate them to considerations of technical excellence. One feature of the process that may be unique is its reliance upon consensus rather than formal voting. Indeed, building a technical consensus is the bottom-line objective of the process. It does not always succeed, but there is a genuine attempt to make it work. Another feature of the IETF process that is not apparent from the formal rules is its heavy reliance upon the Internet itself, for email and file transfer. One of the first steps in moving into a new work item or topic is to create a mail exploder for discussions of the subject. Collaborations start easily and move efficiently using email and FTP for rapid interchange of working documents. Recent experiments have shown the feasibility and utility of broadcasting IETF meetings, using audio and compressed video, across the world-wide Internet. I expect that there will be a rapid increase in the use of teleconferencing and other collaboration technology to carry on the work of the IETF. One cannot overcome the tyranny of timezones, but we are attempting to use our own technology to overcome some distance barriers. (I neglected to mention earlier that the Internet standards activity is now international). On the other hand, face-to-face meetings still appear to be necessary to make decisions. As I have observed, an essential component of the Internet way to make standards is the particular culture of the Internet technical community. The specifics of the Internet approach probably will not be applicable to a different community with a different culture. However, by looking closely at the non-traditional Internet approach, other groups may be able to synthesize innovative approaches to standardization that are suited to their own communities. *Executive Director and member of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) n-2-2-040.28 Internet Services: An Incredible Growing Cornucopia by A.M.Rutkowski There is a tendency of most people unfamiliar with the Internet to regard it as some kind of messaging medium. Even those who are regular users focus largely on the hardy perennial tools like file transfer, messaging, and telnet remote log on. Most of the popular articles and books deal with these applications. What may be the most unappreciated dimension of the entire Internet environment is how the incredible ingenuity and power of the protocols allow not only millions of host computers to be tied into a vast global mesh, but also thousands of services and processes to be dynamically shared. This ability to access and share distributer computer applications and processes is an enormously significant capability not widely understood or appreciated - except by those actually operating and experimenting with the Internet. Even telecommunication engineers deal only with digital "pipes" and rigid notions of "services," and are unfamiliar with the concept of computer processes being ported to a network. INTERNET SERVICES The basics of Internet services are relatively straightforward. The job of the Internet Protocol (IP) is to ride on top of digital transmission pipes of all kinds - private lines, telephone circuits, X.25, ISDN...you name it - to provide connectivity among host computers using routed datagrams. Tucked inside the IP envelope, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) wrapper in turn provides connectivity among processes running on those hosts (as well as several other important functions). TCP allows more than 65,000 possible services of which 300 have been formally registered. However, many others are in regular use, and in May 1993, the NSFNet statistics indicate traffic for 1,066 different kinds of identifiable services riding on its backbone! Many of these services are purely experimental in nature, while others like telnet have become commonplace on nearly all Internet host connections. A relatively current list is found in Internet Standard 2, and the official Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) at the Information Sciences Institute (ISI) maintains a current listing. Some of the more heavily used are show below. The diversity and dynamics of Internet services underscore the difficulty if not impossibility of maintaining rigid distinctions between experimental and operational network implementations. Such distinctions have recently figured into some of the public policy dialogue in USA Congressional legislation. INTERNET SERVICE METRICS The accompanying graphs depict the top 34 of 1,066 Internet services identified in the May NSFNet statistics, in descending order based on traffic, and showing the traffic trend for each service between Nov 1992 and May 1993 in bytes per month. Because there are significant differences in the amount of traffic among the services, the graphs are broken into groups based on the exponential order of magnitude. Rather interestingly, studies done on service traffic on both U.K. and Japan backbones reveal similar patterns of use. The following are short descriptions of some of these services: ftp-data. Not unexpectedly, the default data port for File Transfer is by far the most heavily used Internet service - currently accounting for 44 percent of all the NSFNet backbone traffic. However, it's normalized traffic growth rate is only a modest 109 percent. nntp. The Network News Transfer service accounts for nearly 10 percent of NSFNet backbone traffic. It's annual growth rate is 122 percent. smtp. The Simple Mail Transfer service - the open messaging protocol of preference worldwide - currently only accounts for 6 percent of NSFNet traffic. It's annual growth rate is 126 percent. telnet. The Telnet service accounts for 5 percent of traffic, with an annual growth rate of 124 percent. domain. Domain Name Service - a process which is normally hidden from most users as a highly distributed directory system accounts for a bit more than 2 percent of the traffic vmnet. VMNET is the name for a collection of programs that allows the encapsulation of the IBM Remote Spooling Communications Subsystem (RSCS) virtual channel-to-channel (CTC) data into TCP buffers. In simpler terms - this is the interface to Bitnets. It has one of the smaller annual growth rates - only 71 percent. gopher. Gopher service is the most heavily used of the new resource discovery protocols. It grew from 5 Megabytes per month in Dec 91 when it first appeared to 100 Gigabytes per month in May 93. Its current annual growth rate is 640 percent. ftp. This is the X0. This service supports X-Window systems that allows remote terminals to remotely present and manage information from another host. cmd/syslog. This service allows writing messages directly to host system consoles - typically of a network supervisory nature. login/who. This service allows inquiries to a host computer to determine who is logged onto the machine. talk. Talk is an interactive messaging service that allows two users to simultaneously communicate with eachother. snmp. Simple Network Management Protocol. This service allows monitoring and control of network devices or processes via the Internet. www. World Wide Web is one of the new information discovery services developed by CERN. finger. This service is similar to who, but provides additional information about all users on a host, to the extent the service is implemented. Many hosts do not provide this service for privacy or security reasons. uucp. The Unix to Unix Copy Program allows one UNIX timesharing system to copy files to or from another UNIX system. Large UUCP networks have been developed - especially using dialup lines - to perform some of the same services as IP internets among UNIX machines. ntp. Network Time Protocol z39.50. This an information retrieval protocol. It has been heavily used by WAIS (Wide Area Information Service). See Clifford Lynch, A Progress Report on the Implementation of the Z39.50 Information Protocol, Vol. 1 ISOC News No. 3 at p. 18. netrjs-1. Remote Job Service any-pdos*. any private dial out service n-2-2-040.31.1 Searching as a Primary Internet Discovery Paradigm by Mike Schwartz There are two resource discovery paradigms in common use in the Internet: organizing/browsing, and searching. Organizing refers to the human-guided process of deciding how to interrelate information, usually by placing it into some sort of directed graph (e.g., the hierarchy of directories in an FTP file system). Browsing refers to the corresponding human-guided activity of exploring the organization and contents of a resource space. Searching is an automated process, where the user provides some description of the resources being sought, and a discovery system locates some matches. What is the most appropriate paradigm for supporting resource discovery in the rapidly growing collection of Internet-accessible information? Already the amount of information may conservatively be estimated at one terabyte, and is growing rapidly with the addition of new user communities (such as K-12) and applications (such as multimedia mail). Searching becomes the most feasible approach in large information spaces, because the effectiveness of browsing depends heavily on how well organized the information is. As users generate and collect increasing amounts of data, keeping it all well organized becomes increasingly difficult. In fact, the notion of "well organized" is highly subjective and personal. What one user finds clear and easy to browse may be difficult for users who have different needs or backgrounds. To some extent this problem can be alleviated by systems that support multiple views of information, such as Prospero. Yet, doing so really pushes the problem "up" a level - users must locate appropriate views, which in itself is another discovery problem. Moreover, because there are few barriers to "publishing" information on the Internet, there is a great deal of information that is useful to only very few users, and often for only a short period of time. To other users, this information clutters the "information highway", making browsing difficult. Beyond the scalability problems of the organizing/browsing paradigm, the importance of searching can be seen in its increasing popular appeal. A number of file system search tools have been introduced in recent years (including NeXT's Digital Librarian, the University of Colorado's Essence system, MIT's Semantic File System, SunSoft's SearchIt tool, and the University of Arizona's Personal Information Retrieval System), and recently the Veronica system was introduced to support searching through Gopher - which is, without a doubt, the world's largest browse-based system. Moreover, it is interesting to note that while the Prospero model focuses on organizing and browsing, the Prospero system is primarily used in its capacity as an interface to the archie search system. The above discussion is not meant to imply that organizing information is unimportant. Clearly, a well organized space is easier to use than a poorly organized one. Rather, the point is that once an information space gets large enough, searching is the most feasible option. Ideally, resource discovery systems can combine these approaches into a search-then-browse paradigm, in which users submit search queries and then use the results as starting points to begin browsing. This model is supported, for example, by the Alex file system's "archia" tool, which preforms an archie search request and returns the results in the form of Alex path names. The user can then change directories through Alex and browse the relevant parts of the FTP information space. n-2-2-040.90 NEWS FROM RARE - RARE EVENTS - JENC4 OF HIGH QUALITY AND WELL ATTENDED >From May 10-13 RARE held its annual Joint European Networking Conference (the 4th) in Trondheim, Norway. 350 people from 33 countries attended the event, which was hosted by the Norwegian Institute of Technology. The attendees could take their pick from the more than 50 presentations, numerous BOFs, demonstrations, and RARE and EARN Working Group meetings. A number of interesting social gatherings completed the event, e.g. an organ concert in the impressive Nidaros Cathedral. The best papers presented during the conference will be selected for publication in a special issue of the Elsevier North Holland Journal "Computer Networks and ISDN Systems" (October or November issue). This year's conference theme was "European Research Networking in a Global Context". Starting-point was the idea that networks covering a specific geographical area or user group will only be successful if they are connected to the rest of the world. The conference intended to explore the next steps to take on the long road still lying ahead: from a user's point of view and from a network provider's point of view. Developments in the United States received again ample attention during this 4th JENC. A complete session was devoted to Design Cornerstones of the US National Research and Education Network (NREN). The following topics were addressed in the other sessions: Lower Layer protocols, New European Infrastructure, Security Services, Policy, Funding & Legal Issues, Multimedia Services and Support, Global Interconnection and Coordination, Support for the Development of User Communities, Accessing and Using the Directory, New User Communities and Services, Using the Directory for Network Management, Network Operation and Management, Networks in Support of Mobility, Assessing Network Behaviour, Quality of Service Definition and Measurement, Evaluation of Existing Networks. This year for the first time 3 parallel sessions were held at the same time, the C session being dedicated to presentations by RARE's eight Working Groups. INET'94/JENC5 ORGANIZATION TAKES SHAPE As announced earlier JENC5 will be held in conjunction with INET'94 in Prague. RARE and ISOC officials attending JENC4 already took the opportunity to draft a preliminary Call for Papers for next year's event, which is available from inet-jenc-request@rare.nl. The conference committee of INET'94/JENC5 is chaired by Geoff Manning (UKERNA, responsible for JNT programme), while Bernhard Plattner (ETH, Zuerich) again chairs the programme committee. Local arrangements are in the hands of Jan Gruntorad (Czech Technical University). HUNGARIAN OFFER ACCEPTED TO HOST JENC7 Following upon the conference the 26th RARE Council of Administration meeting was held. During this meeting the CoA welcomed the offer from the Hungarian Academy of Science to host JENC7. It will take place in the first week of the World Exhibition EXPO'96, the theme of which - "Communication for a better world" - fits in well with the character of the JENC. CEEC SEMINAR BUDAPEST This autumn a seminar addressing computer networking for research and development in the Central and Eastern European Countries will take place in Budapest, Hungary. The seminar is initiated by HUNGARNET officials. RARE will provide organizational support. Central topic of the seminar will be how to improve the availability and quality of networking services for the R&D community in CEEC countries. - OTHER NEWS - CONTINUED SUPPORT FOR RIPE NCC An important decision taken by the COA was that RARE will continue to support the RIPE Network Coordination Centre (NCC) in 1994. It was unanimously felt that RARE should continue to take the responsibility for operating the NCC after 1993. DANTE LAUNCHED JULY 6th In the context of the Operational Unit initiative - the setting up of a pan-European organization to provide network services to the European academic and research community - a company called Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe Limited has been established in Cambridge, UK. The new company will be trading under the name DANTE. NEW PUBLICATIONS RARE has published the fifth in its series of Technical Reports: "RTR5, A Survey of Distributed Multimedia. Research, Standards and Products". The report was compiled and edited by Chris Adie from Edinburgh University Computing Service. The RARE Working Group on Multimedia commissioned this survey of state-of-the-art multimedia networking. A new edition (2nd printed and 3rd electronic) of RTR1 "User Support and Information Services in Europe" has been issued. In this updated version information on 25 national networks and five international networks has been collected. Thirdly, the RARE Annual Report 1992 is now available for distribution. Paper copies of RARE publications are available from the RARE Secretariat. Electronic versions can be obtained from the RARE document server. Contact: Josefien Bersee, RARE Secretariat, Singel 466-468, NL-1017 AW AMSTERDAM. tel: +31 20 639 1131, fax: +31 20 639 3289 e-mail X.400: C=nl; ADMD=400net; PRMD=surf; O=rare; S=raresec; e-mail RFC822: raresec@rare.nl n-2-2-050.01 USA Information Infrastructure Initiative Gathers Momentum by Mike Roberts In the USA, the Clinton Administration's technology policy announcement last February, which included a major commitment to public and private investments in an "information superhighway" system, has generated a widespread and positive response. The plan has been endorsed by the leaders of USA computer and telecommunications companies, as well as by such organizations as the Council on Competitiveness, a group of industry and university leaders. Hearings on the NII have been held by a number of Congressional committees, and one bill, the "National Information Infrastructure Act of 1993," has been reported out of the House Science Committee and is scheduled for a vote of the full House later in July. The major elements of Administration plans and pending legislation include the following: % a continuation and acceleration of federal investment in basic research in advanced networking and computing technology, mostly through cooperative and collaborative agreements with American universities, government laboratories, and industry; % new programs to provide partial federal funding for connection of public sector organizations and institutions to the Internet, including education at all levels, libraries, museums, and local governments; % new programs to provide federal assistance in the development of networked applications, especially in the areas of health care, education, manufacturing, and government information; % a continuation and realignment of federally supported "testbed" networks, such as NSFNET, which serve an important function in facilitating the transfer of basic network technology from the lab to the private sector. Although total funding of several billion dollars over the next five years has been proposed, it is likely that actual appropriations will be substantially smaller as a result of actions to reduce the federal budget deficit. The federal NII program, combined with recent FCC work to develop a single, fully digital HDTV system for the USA, is accelerating industry restructurings as the country prepares for "Broadband America" early in the next century. Major new alliances between and among computer software companies, cable televisions companies, the video entertainment industry, and the telephone industry are being announced almost daily. All of this progress is not without problems and critics. Much of federal and state government policy toward communications is grounded in outdated assumptions about regulation and industry structure that are serious handicaps as agency officials struggle to promote rather than retard progress toward a universally accessible and intelligent network. There is also concern that an excessive reliance on the private sector could lead to a broadband, digital network of "500 channels of mud-wrestling" as one observer put it. n-2-2-073.01 Book Review by Vint Cerf _The Internet Passport: NorthWestNet's Guide to Our World Online_, by Jonathan Kochmer and NorthWestNet, published by NorthWestNet and the Northwest Academic Computing Consortium, Bellevue, WA, March 1993, 4 Edition, 516 pages (ISBN 0-9635281-0-6). This is a massive 8.5 X 11" softcover tome. It can be ordered from NorthWest Net, 15400 SE 30th Place, Suite 202, Bellvue, WA 98007; by email from passport@nwnet.net; by fax (206) 562-4822; or telephone (206) 562-3000. Retail price is $39.95 (shipping and handling is additional). Non-profits and educational orders are priced at $19.95 and NorthWestNet members at $16.95. The book is divided into six sections comprising a total of 23 chapters, plus six appendices. It covers an enormous amount of territory for users of Internet and systems reachable through the Internet. As seems to be true for all books about the Internet, there are parts that already need some updating, but in a rapid first pass through the text, the contents seemed eminently usable. Section I introduces the Internet (chapter 1). Section II covers Basic Internet Tools (email, mail servers, etiquette, email gateways, telnet, ftp, and ASCII files) in chapters 2-8. Section III looks at Forums (USENET, LISTSERV, email lists), giving many examples of information that is available. Section IV is on Texts and Data (chapters 12-15, including: 12. Journals and Newsletters, 13. Electronic Books, 14. Online Public Acces Catalogs and 15. Databases and Bibliographies). Section V is on Resource Discovery and gives user information on Archie, gopher, WAIS, Campus-Wide Information Systems, World-Wide Web, and Directory Services in chapters 16-21. Section VI is labelled Targetted Interests and has one of the most fascinating chapters, 22, on using the Internet in K-12 Education. Chapter 23 is on Supercomputers. The Appendices list available FYI documents and organizations (A), Connecting to the Internet (B), Campus-Wide Information Services (C), NorthWestNet Service (D), NorthWestNet Appropriate Use Policy (E), and NSFNET Appropriate Use Policy. Appendix B (Connecting to Internet) was prepared before the NSF INTERNICS program was established. It refers to the NSFNET Network Service Center (NNSC), which has been essentially shut down, and the Network Information Systems Center at SRI International, but does not list the new InterNICS at CERFNET, Network Solutions and AT&T. There is a "Trademarks" page, to which should be added "NREN" which is a trademark registered by the National Science Foundation. I found a lot of information about facilities and services on the Internet that I didn't know about or had heard about but had no details. The chapters on K-12 (22) and Supercomputers (23) cover information not usually found in Internet guides. The book tries to tell readers not only what do to but how to do it and where. New users of Internet services and even users limited to email access will find this a helpful reference. n-2-2-075.04 ConneXions---The Interoperability Report by Ole Jacobsen* The spring and summer lineup for ConneXions is as follows: April: "A Bridge Too Far" discusses a Self-Stabilizing Bridge Protocol to address weaknesses in the IEEE Spanning Tree Algorithm. The issue also contains an article on ITU's efforts to make standards available electronically---the TELEDOC project. Finally, an article on the Gopher to X.500 gateway developed by the University of Michigan. May: A Special Issue focusing on developments in Europe. The issue starts with an overview of EBONE, the European Internet backbone. This is followed by an article entitled "The Importance of Pan- European Broadband Networks," and a short article on the now and future use of X.25 in JANET, the UK academic network. The final article is provocatively entitled "You cannot promote OSI Applications over OSI Networks." June: Vint Cerf's testimony before the US House of Representatives Committee on Science, Space and Technology, entitled "A National Information Infrastructure" is our first article. This is followed by an article developed from Marshall Rose's keynote at the Third International Symposium on Integrated Network Management. Next is an article called "How to Create a Network Map" and finally an explanation of how the Internet Engineering Task Force is integrating OSI related work into existing areas, rather than having a separate OSI area. July: This issue starts with a reprint from The Simple Times: "An Introduction to SNMP MIB Compilers." This is followed by a report on the OSPF and PPP interoperability tests at the IPNETWORKING conference in Birmingham, England earlier this year. This issue also contains a report from the Network Services Conference held in Pisa, Italy last November. August and September: These are still under development at the time of this writing, but at least one of the two will be an INTEROP 93 August "companion" with articles related to the conference. We are pleased to offer all ISOC members a 20% discount on subscriptions. For a free sample and a list of back issues send e-mail to: connexions@interop.com Articles on all aspects of networking are also most welcome, send a message to the above address for author guidelines. --- *Editor & Publisher, Interop Company, Mountain View, CA n-2-1-075.05 Computer Networks and ISDN Systems by Philip H. Enslow Jr.* In contrast to the publication status at several points in the past, the Journal is now ahead of schedule, and the entire volume (12 issues) for 1993 should be out by September. We will then start on the 1994 volume since there are several special issues that are ready to go and we want to distribute them as soon as possible. Recently published special issues have been on "High Speed Networks," "Tools for FDTs," Protocol Specification, Testing, and Validation," and "Telecommunication Services for Developing Countries." Special issues planned for the 1994 volume are "Teletraffic Issues in ATM Networks," "4th Joint European Networking Conference," and "Media Access Techniques for High-Speed LANs and MANs." *Editor-in-Chief, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems n-1-1-075.06 The Matrix News by John Quarterman *indicates italics* The March 1993 issue of *Matrix News* contained a color map of the four main global networks in the Matrix: FidoNet, UUCP, BITNET, and the Internet, using data from January 1993. This map does not show links. Instead, it shows numbers of hosts on each network, localized and aggregated to approximately the metropolitan area level. Each network is indicated by a different color and shape icon, with the size of the icon indicating the number of hosts at its center, on a logarithmic scale. A version of this map is available from the MIDS gopher server (on gopher.tic.com, under matrix/maps/matrix), and from the ISOC gopher server (look under Internet Information, then under maps). Printed copies are available at the usual back issue price from MIDS. If you are interested in a poster with a more detailed version of this map, let us know. The same March issue of *Matrix News* contains three articles about that world Matrix map and the underlying data, ``The Matrix Mapped and Measured,'' ``The Edges of the Matrix,'' and ``The Most Networked Countries,'' plus ``A Report from Antarctica,'' by B. Faulhaber. The April issue has a long article on ``Networking in Baltic Countries: Growing Matrix,'' by Pakstas, A. and Pakstien, S., The May issue has, in ``Hosts by Wealth,'' by J. Quarterman, scatterplots of countries, with hosts per million population on the y axis and per capita GNP (personal incomne) on the x axis, with one scatterplot for each of UUCP, FidoNet, BITNET, and the Internet. Total human population per country is also indicated. As you would expect, richer countries can afford more network nodes, but some of the details are unexpected. T. Kamel reports from Egypt about ``IDSC: Information and Decision Support Center,'' and J. Witteman announces that ``EUnet Extends Service.'' J. Lebkowsky reports on the third Computers, Freedom, and Privacy Conference. The June issue has a color map and accompanying text on ``A Map of the Matrix in Japan,'' by J. Quarterman, a report on GopherCon '93 by P. Riddle, ``ROEARN: Present Status,'' by E. Staicut from Romania, correspondence ``From North of North Pole,'' by B. Lockwood, more details on ``Antarctic corrections,'' by M. Lyons, and announcements of a prototype of the Fremont network topology tool by M. Schwartz and of ``World-Wide Web Software Put Into Public Domain,'' by T. Berners-Lee. The July issue has a report on high school networking possibilities by E. McKinney, who just graduated from high school, maps of growth rates of UUCP, FidoNet, BITNET, and the Internet over a six month period, by J. Quarterman and G. Phillips, plus an announcement of a new publication of maps and related information. *Matrix News* is now distributed on paper, by electronic mail, through a conference on the WELL, and by restricted FTP over the Internet. For further information, contact mids@tic.com. n-2-2-075.07 Internet Business Journal by Michael Strangelove* <441495@acadvm1.uottawa.ca> or <72302.3062@compuserve.com> The Internet Business Journal is the only information source devoted to informing the international business community about the power and potential of the Internet. The premiere edition of The Internet Business Journal (June/July 1993) features stories on the national information infrastructure, the rise of commercialization in the Internet, the benefits of commercial use of the Internet, advertising on the Internet, Internet software development, corporate cybrary networks and the NSF InterNIC services. The Internet Business Journal also features regular columns on the Internet in UK and Europe, user profiles, virtual markets and network niches, government information online, and provides readers with regular updates on resources for networked business, commerce and industry. IBJ is designed to keep both small and large businesses in all sectors informed of how the Internet can facilitate client relations, marketing, product development, and daily operations. The premiere edition includes an Internet user profile of the Rugge Group, an information brokerage that uses the Internet to facilitate research. The editors of IBJ would like to hear from you if your company has a interesting way of using the Internet. The next issue of IBJ will include articles that look at the future for commercial Internet service providers, report on a working group on Internet business resources, as well as inform readers about legal services on the Internet, network facilitated journalism, the electronic mail industry and a survey of Internet software for business users. ---- *Publisher, Internet Business Journal, Ottawa, Canada tel: +1-613-747-6106 n-2-2-100.08 IFIP News by Howard L. Funk* A full eighteen months before its opening, Ron Uhlig, chairman of the International Program Committee for IFIP Congress '94, announced a new concept and fresh design for IFIP's 13 World Computer Congress to he held in Hamburg from August 28 - September 2, 1994. It is intended to be a true congress in the sense that by the end of the program the participants will have created an action agenda based upon the presentations made during the week. Full details are available in the Call for Papers which is available in GOPHER, listserv@cearn, and via anonymous ftp from software.watson.ibm.com in the /pub/ifip/ directory. Get the file "INDEX TXT" from listserv@cearn or "index.txt" from software.watson.ibm.com to find the exact file names, and information about other conferences, IFIP, and FOCUS. Of special interest to LDCs will be the file LECTURE TXT (lecture.txt) which describes the IFIP lectureship program with a speaker list. This program is managed by Professor Dipak Khakar an IFIP trustee. At the last meeting of the IFIP Council, Graham Morris, Chairman of the Publications Committee announced that Elsevier Science Publishers will not renew its contract with IFIP. Professional societies and publishers interested in bidding for the contract are invited to contact Mr. Graham Morris 43 Pewley Hill Guilford, Surrey GU1 3SW United Kingdom. The keynote address, "The Networked Computer in the 21st Century - Bigger is Better," at the Fourth International Conference on High Performance Networking in Liege was given by Professor David Farber. The conference proceedings, "High Performance Networking, IV," are available from Elsevier Science Publishers for $131.50. A 50% discount is offered to members of IFIP constituent societies. For more information write to Elsvier Science Publishers, Attn: Petra van der Meer, P.O. Box 103, 1000 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands or send a facsimile message to Petra van der Meer at 31-20-5862 616. The most important single event of the IFIP Council meeting in Vienna may have been the joint meeting with the Council of European Professional Informatics Societies (CEPIS). This meeting was convened to avoid potential conflicts between the two organizations which have similar objectives. Thanks to the good will exhibited by CEPIS President Elzas and IFIP President Rolstadas, plans have been put in place to assure that the activities of the two organizations will be complementary and not competitive. Of interest to Internauts will be the Working Conference on Broadband Communications to be held under the auspices of TC 6 in Paris on 1 January 1994. For details about any IFIP event, contact the IFIP Secretariat, 16 Place Longemalle, CH-1204 Geneva, Switzerland. Tel: + 41 22 310 26 49 Fax: + 41 22 781 23 22 e-mail: ifip@cgeuge51.bitnet *vice-president IFIP n-2-2-900.07 The Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) by Jon Postel* The research groups of the IRTF are oriented towards longer term Internet research issues. The research groups tend to be small (that is, about 10 to 20 people), and to have consistent membership. The results of the research groups tend to be experiments in new protocol ideas, new applications, and new approaches. Any results of research groups that are appropriate for wide spread use in the Internet are submitted to the normal IETF standards process. Many of the participants in the research groups are also active in the computer science research community and there is a healthy interaction between the work in the research groups and work in other venues (such as ACM SIGCOMM). The Privacy and Security Research Group held a very successful workshop on network and distributed system security 11-12 February 1993. Plans are under way for a second event 3-4 February 1994, in San Diego, California, USA. The 1994, symposium will bring together people who are building software and hardware to provide network or distributed system security services. The symposium is intended for those interested in practical aspects of network and distributed system security, rather than in theory. The call for papers is available from <1994symposium@smiley.mitre.org>. The IRTF is composed of the following research groups: Research Group Name Chair ------------------- ---------------- Autonomous Networks Deborah Estrin (USC) End-to-End Services Bob Braden (ISI) Resource Discovery Mike Schwartz (U Colorado) Privacy and Security Steve Kent (BBN) Libraries Cliff Lynch (UCOP) The IRTF Steering Group (IRSG) is composed of the research group chairs (above) and the following at large members: Dave Clark (MIT) Dave Mills (UDEL) Bruce Schatz (U Arizona) *Associate Director for Networking, HPCC Division, Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California n-2-2-900.08 RFC-Editor by Jon Postel* RFCs are available via FTP from at least 9 primary and 13 secondary on-line repositories around the world, and at least 6 of these provide automated retrieval via email, and some provide access to RFCs via Gopher and WAIS. A complete listing of these sources and other "help" information about accessing RFCs can be obtained via an email request to the RFC-INFO service: To: RFC-INFO@ISI.EDU Subject: Accessing RFCs Help: ways_to_get_rfcs In the last five months 72 RFCs have been published. Jan Feb Mar Apr May 27 15 5 14 11 The most recent summary of the status of various standards and their corresponding RFCs is "IAB Official Protocols Standards" which is STD-1 and RFC-1410 published in March 1993. *Associate Director for Networking, HPCC Division, Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California n-2-2-900.09 nternet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) by JonPostel* The IANA is the central coordinator for the assignment of unique parameter values. Requests for parameter assignments should be sent to . The most recent summary of these assigned parameter values is "Assigned Numbers" which is STD-2 and RFC-1340. *Associate Director for Networking, HPCC Division, Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California ================================================================ ------------------- Date: Sun, 16 May 93 19:19:27 PDT From: Eric Ries To: isoc@isoc.org Subject: Re: INTERNET SOCIETY... I appreciate all the information on The Internet Society... While I am very interested in Telecommunications and Internet, i am only in 9th grade and cannot afford the membership fees of your organization... i would, however like to remain in touch with the IS and hope that you will keep me appraisedc of progress made by TIS... Thank you very much ProLine: eries@pro-sol Internet: eries@pro-sol.cts.com UUCP: crash!pro-sol!eries ----------------- Fulbright Scholars Linked Via Internet* I was amazed how many universities around the world now have active internet usage. In order to test the viability of our idea, CIES is negotiating with Dr. Curtis Hardyck of the University of California to run a pilot project in the Pacific Rim countries. We are planning to provide Fulbright scholars with all the information necessary to contact scholars at the university they will be going to well in advance of their arrival at the host university. We will encourage them to establish contact with the department at the host university. When they arrive in country they will hopefully get a local Internet account right away and then communicate with peers at home especially if they need educational materials or other resources and finally we hope they will continue to maintain an active conversation with host university colleagues after they return to their home campus. If this project proves successful and is well liked by scholars we hope to expand to other regions of world. If all goes well the project will run for about 24 months, then we will evaluate the efficacy of this resources and proceed accordingly from there. If you have any suggestions or ideas regarding this project I would be happy to hear it. If you know of Fulbright scholars already actively using Internet accounts at any of the universities in your countries I would very much appreciate hearing about them. Thanks for all your assistance. Jutta Hagner Director, IRM Council for International Exchange of Scholars *Courtesy of: "Franklin F. Kuo" ------------------------------------ Gopherspace Expands At ISOC News publication time, the USA Library of Congress joined countless other institutions in the world by going Gopher. The implementation is experimental, but accessable at host marvel.loc.gov (140.147.2.15) port 70. The host describes the service as the Library of Congress (LC) Machine-Assisted Realization of the Virtual Electronic Library (MARVEL) - and constitutes a global information system combining the vast collection of information available at and about LC with the many electronic resources accessible through the Internet. The Library's Information Technology Services (ITS) service unit sponsored this effort in conjunction with recommendations coming from the staff organization -- The Internet Users Group (IUG). Once the initial design of LC MARVEL is complete, the responsibility for overseeing the system will transition from the "Design Team" to a more permanent "LC MARVEL Advisory Team." Paralleling that transition will be an effort to transfer of responsibility for publishing and maintaining specific menu items on the system to "information owners" throughout the Library. Since the information offered by the system will be viewed by both staff members and users outside of the Library from workstations with varying ranges of characteristics and capabilities, the format of documents on LC MARVEL will, for the most part, adhere to the "lowest common denominator" -- plain ASCII text. In some cases files will be listed that are not in ASCII format (i.e., graphic images from the Library's exhibits) which can be saved, but not viewed through LC MARVEL. It may be possible in the near future to view images and more richly formatted textual works. If you would like to consider publishing information on LC MARVEL or would like to make comments on any aspect of the system, please contact the LC MARVEL Design Team at the Internet address: lcmarvel@seq1.loc.gov ------------------------ GateD and the Cornell GateDaemon Consortium by Martyne M. Hallgren, The Cornell GateDaemon Project produces GateD (pronounced gate-dee), a modular software package which supports multiple routing protocols and protocol families. It runs as a daemon on various hardware platforms and provides the user with a the most current routing protocols within the Internet community. The GateDaemon software can be used to bootstrap and support the production of interoperable networking products as well as be used as a reliable routing device within a working internetwork. It gives an organization access to leading edge network research and implementations without tremendous startup costs. The software is extensively tested by users throughout the Internet community before and while the code is in production. External contributions of protocol implementations and enhancements are integrated into the distribution package. Cornell's goal is to provide a "state-of-the-art" software platform to support the most current routing protocols for the Internet community. GateD software is available via anonymous FTP from Cornell University. It is licensed for redistribution, free of charge, to anyone, as long as they agree to return any enhancements of general interest to the project for incorporation. Because the demands from the user community for enhanced GateD functionality have continued to outpace the resources available to the project, Cornell, as lead organization, has created the GateDaemon Consortium. The Consortium has been formed to foster and expand the development of the GateDaemon software. Membership is open to any organization in any country who is interested in supporting and participating in the development of internetwork routing protocols. Instead of adopting a licensing or royalty fee structure, the Consortium will use membership fees to augment grant and other proposal funds to provide the project with resources to respond to the needs of the community. In addition to the assurance that GateD will continue to be freely available to the Internet community, the Consortium will provide direct benefits to its members including in-depth technical seminars on new GateD features, discussions on new features and goal setting, and improved communications on project status and other Consortium activities. In all, the Consortium will invigorate and enhance the already successful collaboration of researchers and developers by making it easier for new organizations to participate. Support of this project makes excellent routing protocol implementations widely and easily available throughout the Internet, an important benefit to both the operator and developer alike. Complex issues must be addressed over the next two years as the Internet continues its rapid expansion. GateD is at the very heart of the solutions which must be created through a worldwide partnership of research and industry. The GateDaemon Consortium offers an opportunity for all organizations to participate with Cornell and the Consortium members to successfully address the challenges that growth will bring in a cooperative and collaborative forum for the benefit of the entire community. For more information concerning membership or software, send e-mail to: consortium-interest@gated.cornell.edu ------------------ Incomplete Guide to the Internet Announcing the July Edition of "The Incomplete Guide to the Internet and Other Telecommunications Opportunities Especially for Teachers and Students, K-12". This document is a resource guide and how to manual for beginner and intermediate users of the Internet, as well as an excellent reference for advanced users. The Incomplete Guide is available via anonymous ftp or in hard copy format. To ftp the Guide, go to zaphod.ncsa.uiuc.edu or ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu and look in the education directory. In there is a directory called Education_Resources. In there you will find a directory (Incomplete_Guide) that contains several different formats of the Guide and a README file. Please note that most of the different formats are about 1.5 Megabytes. If you do not wish to ftp the Guide, you can contact the Education Group at NCSA to have a hard copy sent to you. There is a charge for this which will cover the cost of materials and shipping. The guide is approximately 300 pages. You can contact us at: Chuck Farmer/Lisa Bievenue NCSA Education Group 605 E. Springfield Ave. Champaign, IL 61820 cfarmer@landrew.ncsa.uiuc.edu bievenue@ncsa.uiuc.edu ------------------ PRELIMINARY CALL FOR PAPERS INET '94, the Annual Conference of the Internet Society held in conjunction with the 5th Joint European Networking Conference (JENC5) Jointly organized by RARE and the Internet Society Prague, Czech Republic, June 13-17, 1994 The Internet Society (ISOC) and Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne (RARE) have joined their forces to organize a global networking conference. It will take place on 13-17 June 1994 in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. Focusing on worldwide issues of computer-based networking, the goal of the conference is to bring together individuals from academia, industry and government who are involved with planning, developing, implementing, managing, funding and using national, regional and international research, academic, and commercial computer networks. The official language of the conference is English. Possible topics for paper submission include but are not limited to the following: 1. Network Technology: Advances in the Network Technology Base 2. Network Engineering and Operation: Building and Operating the Global Infrastructure 3. Distributed Applications and Their Enabling Technologies 4. Support and Training for International Communities of Interest 5. User Information 6. Regional Issues: Networking Around the Globe 7. Policy Issues: Governance, Management, and Financing of International Networks Network Technology Training Workshop A workshop on the installation and use of networking technology is planned to take place adjacent to the conference week. Travel and tuition support may be available for selected attendees. General Inquiries To be added to the conference e-mail distribution list send a message to: Internet : inet-jenc-request@rare.nl X.400 : C=nl; ADMD=400net; PRMD=surf; O=rare; S=inet-jenc-request For further information contact: INET-JENC Secretariat c/o RARE Secretariat Singel 466-468 NL-1017 AW AMSTERDAM Tel : +31 20 639 1131 Fax : +31 20 639 3289 Internet : inet-jenc-sec@rare.nl X.400 : C=nl; ADMD=400net; PRMD=surf; O=rare; S=inet-jenc-sec ------------- Internet Gets Infoworld 1992 Technology of the Year Award The Internet Society Secretariat recently hosted Infoworld publisher Bob Metcalfe and Scott Mace who came to present Infoworld's 1992 Editor-in-Chief's Landmark Technology Award to "the Internet." Metcalfe is also well known as the inventor of Ethernet. The award was made joingly to Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf in recognition of the Internet as a global system and technology. Bob and Vint in turn acknowledged their custodianship on behalf of the Internet community. --------------- InterNIC complaints and suggestions The InterNIC Staff has established two mailboxes for your comments, complaints, and suggestions on how can we make InterNIC services more valuable to the community. The addresses are below. It is generally felt that mail sent to the suggestions mailbox will include constructive advice on specifically how improvements can be made. Management and staff from all three InterNIC Team organizations will receive the mail sent to both mailboxes, as will selected staff from NSF. complaints@internic.net suggestions@internic.net ---------------- The Sustainable Development Network (SDN) by Chuck Lankester* There are a number of initiatives in UNDP which are concerned with information dissemination on environmental, social, economic and political matters. One such initiative is the Sustainable Development Network (SDN). Following up the 1992 UN Conference for Environment and Development, and the mandate given at that time for UNDP to serve as the lead agency for capacity building, solid progress has already been made in establishing a Sustainable Development Network (SDN) by UNDP. The SDN is intended to link sources and users of information on sustainable development in government, researchers, universities, the media, non-governmental organizations, other aid agencies, and entrepreneurial organizations at the national level. SDN data bases are designed to be user-friendly, low-cost and demand-driven, with open access by both users and suppliers of information related to sustainable development. SDNs will empower all stakeholders in a nation's developing planning process to be more active participants and to make decision making more transparent. Special attention will be given to locally derived indigenous knowledge and to technology transfer and sharing. Planned linking of national SDNs into global systems such as Internet will facilitate access to a worldwide knowledge base and allow practitioners of sustainable development around the world to communicate freely with one another. The initial $1.5 million allocation for the pilot programme has been fully committed and by June thirteen national and three regional SDNs will have been established, giving 20 to 25 governments access to SDNs. Prefeasibility/feasibility studies are scheduled over the next 6 months in more countries and by the end of 1993 it is expected that as many as 50 governments may be tied into the network and this critical mass will have begun interacting as a network of networks. UNDP is providing support for SDN staff, hardware and software and training. Since connectivity amongst and between the SDNs is so important, great care is being taken to select compatible hardware and software. UNDP has secured assistance from the International Development Research Center (IDRC) based in Ottawa, Canada, to assist in identifying appropriate "Starter Kits" for each country. Care is being taken to enable each SDN to utilize data bases and to link with networks already established by many UN agencies. Initial focus at the country level will be on building data bases on all relevant technical and socio-economic activities in the country including national as well as externally assisted projects. SDN's Director, Chuck Lankester, estimates that as much as 75-85% of this relevant information is presently unavailable in a useable form to decision makers in most developing countries. It is the SDN's objective that this availability of information be enhanced substantially in the next few years. *Chuck Lankester, Director, UNDP Sustainable Development Network ------------------ Recent Internet Society Leadership Developments Mike Roberts, who has served as the Executive Director of the Internet Society from its founding (and as a key organizer before that), has stepped down as Executive Director position. He is Vice President of EDUCOM and is also responsible for the NTTF networking task force. Mike will be EDUCOM's representative on the Board of Trustees of the Internet Society. Ken King, who was president of EDUCOM from 1987 through 1992, stepped down as EDUCOM's representative on the Internet Society Board of Trustees. Ken is now Executive Director of the Corporation for Research and Educational Networking (CREN). Howard Funk, who until recently served at IBM on the staff reporting to IBM's VP of Research and Development, has taken over as Acting Executive Director of the Internet Society. Howard has also served as the Internet Society's liaison to IFIP. Howard will serve for at least six months, during which time a global search will be launched for candidates to fill the position permanently. Juergen Harms, who served as the Secretary of the Internet Society from its inception, stepped down as a member of the Board. Geoff Huston has been elected by the Trustees to fill this position. Geoff has been an active member of the Internet Community and the Board of Trustees. Six new Trustees have joined the Board on 1 July. These include Susan Estrada, Scott Bradner, Jean Armor Polly, David Farber, Jonathan Postel and Haruhisa Ishida. ---------------- NOTICE Beginning with the next issue of the Internet Society News - Autumn 1993 - advertisement will be accepted. This revenue will be used to improve and expand the quality and size of the publication. Please contact the ISOC Secretariat for details. --------------- Internet Scaling Recommention Released new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries. RFC 1481: Title: IAB Recommendation for an Intermediate Strategy to Address the Issue of Scaling Author: C. Huitema, Chair Internet Architecture Board Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) proposes strategies for address assignment of the existing IP address space with a view to conserve the address space and stem the explosive growth of routing tables in default-route-free routers run by transit routing domain providers. CIDR is proposed as an immediate term strategy to extend the life of the current 32 bit IP address space. This strategy presumes that a suitable long term solution is being addressed within the Internet technical community. The IAB endorses the CIDR architecture and its implementation. This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Details on obtaining RFCs via FTP or EMAIL may be obtained by sending an EMAIL message to "rfc-info@ISI.EDU" with the message body "help: ways_to_get_rfcs". For example: To: rfc-info@ISI.EDU Subject: getting rfcs ----------------- THE SCIENTIST a biweekly newspaper for scientists and the research community, is now available electronically -- in full text and free of charge -- on the internet network via ftp, WAIS, and Gopher. Founded in 1986, THE SCIENTIST is published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, and is circulated internationally to researchers, administrators, and policy makers in academia, industry, and government. THE SCIENTIST is the only newspaper that exclusively covers current issues and events that impact the professional research environment--including funding legislation, new grants, employment and salary trends, career advancement opportunities, ethics and conflicts of interest, representation of women and minorities in science, and the interplay of industrial, academic, and governmental research. In addition, THE SCIENTIST reports on trends in research and features the opinions of leaders in science. THE SCIENTIST can be accessed on the InterNIC server. The full text of issues from November 1992 onward are accessible. New issues are added every two weeks on alternate Mondays, coinciding with the cover date of the printed edition. Back issues are being loaded every other week, until the full seven year file is complete. ACCESSING THE SCIENTIST via anonymous FTP at , directory: /pub/the-scientist via GOPHER at internic.net menu selections: InterNIC Directory and Database Services; Publically Accessible Databases; THE SCIENTIST - Newsletter via TELNET (login "guest") to ds.internic.net, and use WAIS or search to find "db the-scientist" via EMAIL listserv with message to include the following lines in the body (NOT SUBJECT) of the message: file /ftp/pub/the-scientist/the-scientist-yymmdd for path, type your return email address type: end --------------- Announcing The Guide to Network Resource Tools by David Sitman, and Joyce K. Reynolds EARN's (European Academic and Research Network), "The Guide to Network Resource Tools" describes many of the key tools in use today among the academic networking community for accessing resources on the net. The tools described in this guide have been divided into five functional areas. The first section, "Exploring the Network", covers Gopher and World-Wide Web. WAIS and ASTRA are documented in section two, "Searching Databases". The third section, "Finding Network Resources", deals with Archie, WHOIS and NETSERV. Trickle and BITFTP are covered in section four on "Getting Files". The final section, "Networked Interest Groups", discusses Listserv and Netnews. For each tool, the guide provides a general overview and details on availability, intended audience, basic usage, and examples. Thus, it should complement the work of wg-isus by providing a more detailed picture for those who are interested. The guide was produced by the EARN staff. It has been printed as an A5 booklet. Comments, corrections and criticisms are encouraged, as EARN plans to produce a second edition of this guide for the NSC'93 in Warsaw in October 1993. The Guide to Network Resource Tools is available electronically from: EARNCC.BITNET: available by sending mail to LISTSERV@EARNCC.BITNET with the line: GET NETTOOLS MEMO (plain text) or GET NETTOOLS PS (Postscript) ds.internic.net access via FTP: /pub/internet-doc/EARN.nettools.txt (For gopher users it's available under the Internet Informational Documents). naic.nasa.gov access via FTP: files/general_info/earn-resource-tool-guide.txt earn-resource-tool-guide.ps ns.ripe.net: access via FTP, gopher and www in directory: earn earn-resource-tool-guide.txt and earn-resource-tool-guide.ps -------------------- The Children at Val Verde Recently, some researchers spent the day at the Val Verde school district in California. The school has 400 NeXts and all the buildings are wired up with FDDI fiber & Ethernet. the highlight was when one of the researchers asked a 9-year-old boy what he was doing on the workstation: boy: "I'm trying to telnet to NASA Houston to download the atest data from the Shuttle. Too much traffic, It is taking much too long." Researcher: "Why not just read the newspaper" boy: "Not enough information. With FTP I can get all of it right now." Courtesy of: Richard Jay Solomon, MIT ------------------- WHITE HOUSE ELECTRONIC MAIL ACCESS by Bill Clinton and Al Gore * Part of our commitment to change is to keep the White House in step with today's changing technology. As we move ahead into the twenty-first century, we must have a government that can show the way and lead by example. Today, we are pleased to announce that for the first time in history, the White House will be connected to you via electronic mail. Electronic mail will bring the Presidency and this Administration closer and make it more accessible to the people. The White House will be connected to the Internet as well as several on-line commercial vendors, thus making us more accessible and more in touch with people across this country. We will not be alone in this venture. Congress is also getting involved, and an exciting announcement regarding electronic mail is expected to come from the House of Representatives tomorrow. Various government agencies also will be taking part in the near future. Americans Communicating Electronically is a project developed by several government agencies to coordinate and improve access to the nation's educational and information assets and resources. This will be done through interactive communications such as electronic mail, and brought to people who do not have ready access to a computer. However, we must be realistic about the limitations and expectations of the White House electronic mail system. This experiment is the first-ever e-mail project done on such a large scale. As we work to reinvent government and streamline our processes, the e-mail project can help to put us on the leading edge of progress. Initially, your e-mail message will be read and receipt immediately acknowledged. A careful count will be taken on the number received as well as the subject of each message. However, the White House is not yet capable of sending back a tailored response via electronic mail. We are hoping this will happen by the end of the year. A number of response-based programs which allow technology to help us read your message more effectively, and, eventually respond to you electronically in a timely fashion will be tried out as well. These programs will change periodically as we experiment with the best way to handle electronic mail from the public. Since this has never been tried before, it is important to allow for some flexibility in the system in these first stages. We welcome your suggestions. This is an historic moment in the White House and we look forward to your participation and enthusiasm for this milestone event. We eagerly anticipate the day when electronic mail from the public is an integral and normal part of the White House communications system. * President and Vice-President, USA, from their Internet distributed Press Release. ============================ BACK COVER Introducing the Charter, Founding, and Organizational Members CHARTER MEMBERS CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL RESEARCH INITIATIVES EDUCOM RESEAU ASSOCIEES POUR LA RECHERCHE EUROPEENNE FOUNDING MEMBERS ADVANCED NETWORK & SERVICES APPLE COMPUTER CORPORATION AT&T AUSTRALIAN ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH NETWORK BELL COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN CISCO SYSTEMS COALITION FOR NETWORKED INFORMATION CORPORATION FOR OPEN SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION FOR RESEARCH & EDUCATIONAL NETWORKING DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AGENCY DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH NETWORK EUROPEAN LABORATORY FOR PARTICLE PHYSICS FREEPORT-MCMORAN HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION INTEROP COMPANY ISRAELI INTER-UNIVERSITY COMPUTATION CENTER LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY MCI COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION MICROSOFT CORPORATION NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NORDUNET NOVELL, INC. NYSERNET, INC. ORACLE CORPORATION PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL, INC. PROTEON, INC. SIEMENS AG SOFT-SWITCH, INC. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE SPRINT SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. 3COM CORPORATION UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON U S WEST COMMUNICATIONS, INC. UUNET TECHNOLOGIES WELLFLEET COMMUNICATIONS INC. ORGANIZATIONAL MEMBERS ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION NYNEX SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, INC. 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