Secure Asset Transfer Protocol M. Hargreaves Internet-Draft Quant Network Intended status: Informational T. Hardjono Expires: 18 April 2025 MIT R. Belchior INESC-ID, Técnico Lisboa, Blockdaemon V. Ramakrishna IBM 15 October 2024 Secure Asset Transfer Protocol (SATP) Core draft-ietf-satp-core-07 Abstract This memo describes the Secure Asset Transfer (SAT) Protocol for digital assets. SAT is a protocol operating between two gateways that conducts the transfer of a digital asset from one gateway to another, each representing their corresponding digital asset networks. The protocol establishes a secure channel between the endpoints and implements a 2-phase commit (2PC) to ensure the properties of transfer atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability. About This Document This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC. The latest revision of this draft can be found at https://ietf- satp.github.io/draft-ietf-satp-core/draft-ietf-satp-core.html. Status information for this document may be found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-satp-core/. Discussion of this document takes place on the Secure Asset Transfer Protocol Working Group mailing list (mailto:sat@ietf.org), which is archived at https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/sat/. Subscribe at https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sat/. Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at https://github.com/ietf-satp/draft-ietf-satp-core. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 1] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 18 April 2025. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. The Secure Asset Transfer Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.2. SAT Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.3. Stages of the Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.4. Gateway Cryptographic Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. SATP Message Format, identifiers and Descriptors . . . . . . 7 5.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2. SATP Message Format and Payloads . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2.1. Protocol version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2.2. Message Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2.3. Digital Asset Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.2.4. Transfer-Context ID: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.2.5. Session ID: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.2.6. Sequence Number: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.2.7. Gateway Credential Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.2.8. Gateway Credential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.2.9. Payload Hash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 2] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 5.2.10. Signature Algorithms Supported . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.2.11. Message Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.2.12. Lock assertion Claims and Format . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.3. Negotiation of Security Protocols and Parameters . . . . 11 5.3.1. TLS Secure Channel Establishment . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.3.2. Client offers supported credential schemes . . . . . 11 5.3.3. Server selects supported credential scheme . . . . . 11 5.3.4. Client asserts or proves identity . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.3.5. Sequence numbers initialized . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.3.6. Messages can now be exchanged . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.4. Asset Profile Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6. Overview of Message Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7. Identity and Asset Verification Stage (Stage 0) . . . . . . . 13 8. Transfer Initiation Stage (Stage 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 8.1. Transfer Initialization Claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 8.2. Conveyance of Gateway and Network Capabilities . . . . . 16 8.3. Transfer Proposal Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8.4. Transfer Proposal Receipt Message . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 8.5. Transfer Proposal Reject Message . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8.6. Transfer Commence Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.7. Commence Response Message (ACK-Commence) . . . . . . . . 22 9. Lock Assertion Stage (Stage 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 9.1. Lock Assertion Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 9.2. Lock Assertion Receipt Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 10. Commitment Preparation and Finalization (Stage 3) . . . . . . 24 10.1. Commit Preparation Message (Commit-Prepare) . . . . . . 25 10.2. Commit Ready Message (Commit-Ready) . . . . . . . . . . 26 10.3. Commit Final Assertion Message (Commit-Final) . . . . . 26 10.4. Commit-Final Acknowledgement Receipt Message (ACK-Final-Receipt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 10.5. Transfer Complete Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 11. SATP Session Resumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 11.1. Primary-Backup Session Resumption . . . . . . . . . . . 30 11.2. Recovery Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 12. Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 12.1. Closure Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 12.2. Error Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 13. Security Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 14. IANA Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 15. Appendix: Error Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 15.1. Transfer Commence and Response errors . . . . . . . . . 33 15.2. Lock Assertion errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 15.3. Lock Assertion Receipt errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 15.4. Commit Preparation errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 15.5. Commit Preparation Acknowledgement errors . . . . . . . 34 15.6. Commit Ready errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 15.7. Commit Final Assertion errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 16. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 3] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 16.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 16.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 1. Introduction This memo proposes a secure asset transfer protocol (SATP) that is intended to be deployed between two gateway endpoints to transfer a digital asset from an origin asset network to a destination asset network. Readers are directed first to [ARCH] for a description of the architecture underlying the current protocol. Both the origin and destination asset networks are assumed to be opaque in the sense that the interior construct of a given network is not read/write accessible to unauthorized entities. The protocol utilizes the asset burn-and-mint paradigm whereby the asset to be transferred is permanently disabled or destroyed (burned) at the origin asset network and is re-generated (minted) at the destination asset network. This is achieved through the coordinated actions of the peer gateways handling the unidirectional transfer at the respective networks. A gateway is assumed to be trusted to perform the tasks involved in the asset transfer. The overall aim of the protocol is to ensure that the state of assets in the origin and destination networks remain consistent, and that asset movements into (out of) networks via gateways can be accounted for. There are several desirable technical properties of the protocol. The protocol must ensure that the properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) are satisfied. The requirement of consistency implies that the asset transfer protocol always leaves both asset networks in a consistent state (that the asset is located in one system/network only at any time). Atomicity means that the protocol must guarantee that either the transfer commits (completes) or entirely fails, where failure is taken to mean there is no change to the state of the asset in the origin (sender) asset network. The property of isolation means that while a transfer is occurring to a digital asset from an origin network, no other state changes can occur to the asset. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 4] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 The property of durability means that once the transfer has been committed by both gateways, that this commitment must hold regardless of subsequent unavailability (e.g. crash) of the gateways implementing the SAT protocol. All messages exchanged between gateways are assumed to run over TLS1.2, and the endpoints at the respective gateways are associated with a certificate indicating the legal owner (or operator) of the gateway. 2. Conventions used in this document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [REQ-LEVEL]. In this document, these words will appear with that interpretation only when in ALL CAPS. Lower case uses of these words are not to be interpreted as carrying significance described in RFC 2119. 3. Terminology The following are some terminology used in the current document, some borrowed from [NIST]: * Digital asset: digital representation of a value or of a right that is able to be transferred and stored electronically using distributed ledger technology or similar technology [MICA]. * Asset network: A monolithic system or a set of distributed systems that manage digital assets. * Client application: This is the application employed by a user to interact with a gateway. * Gateway: The computer system functionally capable of acting as a gateway in an asset transfer. * Sender gateway: The gateway that initiates a unidirectional asset transfer. * Recipient gateway: The gateway that is the recipient side of a unidirectional asset transfer. * Claim: An assertion made by an Entity [JWT]. * Claim Type: Syntax used for representing a Claim Value [JWT]. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 5] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 * Gateway Claim: An assertion made by a Gateway regarding the status or condition of resources (e.g. assets, public keys, etc.) accessible to that gateway (e.g. within its asset network or system). In the remainder of this document, for brevity of description the term “asset network” will often be shorted to "network". 4. The Secure Asset Transfer Protocol 4.1. Overview The Secure Asset Transfer Protocol (SATP) is a gateway-to-gateway protocol used by a sender gateway with a recipient gateway to perform a unidirectional transfer of a digital asset. The protocol defines a number of API endpoints, resources and identifier definitions, and message flows corresponding to the asset transfer between the two gateways. The current document pertains to the interaction between gateways through API2 [SATP-ARCH]. +----------+ +----------+ | Client | | Off-net | ------ | (App) | | Resource | | +----------+ +----------+ | | | API3 | | | +----------+ | | ^ | V | | +---------+ | V | API1 | | +-----+ +---------+----+ +----+---------+ +-----+ | | | | | | | | | | | Net.| | Gateway |API2| |API2| Gateway | | Net.| | NW1 |---| G1 | |<------>| | G2 |---| NW2 | | | | | | | | | | | +-----+ +---------+----+ +----+---------+ +-----+ 4.2. SAT Model The model for SATP is shown in Figure 1 [SATP-ARCH]. The Client (application) interacts with its local gateway (G1) over an interface (API1) in order to provide instructions to the gateway with regards to actions to assets and related resources located in the local system or network (NW1). Gateways interact with each other over a gateway interface (API2). A given gateway may be required to access resources that are not located in network NW1 or network NW2. Access to these types of resources are performed over an off-network interface (API3). 4.3. Stages of the Protocol The SAT protocol defines three (3) stages for a unidirectional asset transfer. These stages occur following the transfer set-up. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 6] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 * Transfer Initiation stage (Stage-1): These flows deal with commencing a transfer from one gateway to another. Several tasks are involved, including (but not limited to): (i) gateway identification and mutual authentication; (ii) exchange of asset type (definition) information; (iii) verification of the asset definition, and others. * Lock-Assertion stage (Stage-2): These flows deal with the conveyance of signed assertions from the sender gateway to the receiver gateway regarding the locked status of an asset at the origin network. * Commitment Preparation and Finalization stage (Stage-3): These flows deal with the asset transfer and commitment establishment between two gateways. In order to clarify discussion, the interactions between the peer gateways prior to the transfer initiation stage is referred to as the setup stage (Stage-0), which is outside the scope of the current specification. The Stage-1, Stage-2 and Stage-3 flows will be discussed below. 4.4. Gateway Cryptographic Keys SATP recognizes the following cryptographic keys which are intended for distinct purposes within the different stages of the protocol. * Gateway signature public key-pair: This is the key-pair utilized by a gateway to digitally sign assertions and receipts. * Gateway secure channel establishment public key-pair: This is the key-pair utilized by peer gateways to establish a secure channel (e.g. TLS) for a transfer session. * Gateway device-identity public key pair: This is the key-pair that identifies the unique hardware device underlying a gateway. * Gateway owner-identity public key pair: This is the key-pair that identifies the owner (e.g. legal entity) who is the legal owner of a gateway. 5. SATP Message Format, identifiers and Descriptors Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 7] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 5.1. Overview This section describes the SATP message-types, the format of the messages exchanged between two gateways, the format for resource descriptors and other related parameters. The mandatory fields are determined by the message type exchanged between the two gateways (see Section 7). 5.2. SATP Message Format and Payloads SATP messages are exchanged between peer gateways, where depending on the message type one gateway may act as a client of the other (and vice versa). 5.2.1. Protocol version This refers to SATP protocol Version, encoded as "major.minor" (separated by a period symbol). 5.2.2. Message Type This refers to the type of request or response to be conveyed in the message. The possible values are: * transfer-proposal-msg: This is the transfer proposal message from the sender gateway carrying the set of proposed parameters for the transfer. * proposal-receipt-msg: This is the signed receipt message indicating acceptance of the proposal by the receiver gateway. * proposal-reject-msg: This is an explicit reject message from the receiver gateway, indicating a rejection of the proposal and an immediate session termination. * transfer-commence-msg: Request to begin the commencement of the asset transfer. * ack-commence-msg: Response to accept the commencement of the asset transfer. * lock-assert-msg: Sender gateway has performed the lock of the asset in the origin network. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 8] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 * assertion-receipt-msg: Receiver gateway acknowledges receiving the signed lock-assert-msg. * commit-prepare-msg: Sender gateway requests the start of the commitment stage. * ack-prepare-msg: Receiver gateway acknowledges receiving the previous commit-prepare-msg and agrees to start the commitment stage. * commit-final-msg: Sender gateway has performed the extinguishment (burn) of the asset in the origin network. * ack-commit-final-msg: Receiver gateway acknowledges receiving the signed commit-final-msg and has performed the asset creation and assignment in the destination network. * commit-transfer-complete-msg: Sender gateway indicates closure of the current transfer session. 5.2.3. Digital Asset Identifier This is the unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) that uniquely identifies the digital asset in the origin network which is to be transferred to the destination network. The digital asset identifier is a value that is derived by the applications utilized by the originator and the beneficiary prior to starting the asset transfer. The mechanism used to derive the digital asset identifier is outside the scope of the current document. 5.2.4. Transfer-Context ID: This is the unique immutable identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) representing the application layer context of a single unidirectional transfer. The method to generate the transfer-context ID is outside the scope of the current document. The transfer-context may be a complex data structure that contains all information related to a SATP execution instance. Examples of information contained in a transfer-context may include identifiers of sessions, gateways, networks or assets related to the specific SATP execution instance. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 9] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 5.2.5. Session ID: This is the unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) representing a session between two gateways handling a single unidirectional transfer. This may be derived from the Transfer-Context ID at the application level. There may be several session IDs related to a SATP execution instance. Only one Session ID may be active for a given SATP execution instance. Session IDs may be stored in the transfer- context for audit trail purposes. 5.2.6. Sequence Number: This is a monotonically increasing counter value uniquely representing a message from a session. This can be utilized to assist the peer gateways when they are processing multiple simultaneous unrelated transfers. 5.2.7. Gateway Credential Type This is the type of authentication mechanism supported by the gateway (e.g. SAML, OAuth, X.509) 5.2.8. Gateway Credential This payload is the actual credential of the gateway (token, certificate, string, etc.). 5.2.9. Payload Hash This is the hash of the current message payload. 5.2.10. Signature Algorithms Supported This is the list of digital signature algorithm supported by a gateway, with the base default being the NIST ECDSA standard. 5.2.11. Message Signature This payload is the actual the ECDSA signature portion over a message. 5.2.12. Lock assertion Claims and Format This is the format of the set of claims regarding the state of the asset in the origin network. The claims are network-dependent in the sense that different asset networks or systems may utilize a different asset locking (disablement) mechanism. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 10] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 5.3. Negotiation of Security Protocols and Parameters The peer gateways in SATP must establish a TLS session between them prior to starting the transfer initiation stage (Stage-0). The TLS session continues until the transfer is completed at the end of the commitment establishment stage (Stage-3). In the following, the sender gateway is referred to as the client while the received gateway as the server. 5.3.1. TLS Secure Channel Establishment TLS 1.2 or higher MUST be implemented to protect gateway communications. TLS 1.3 or higher SHOULD be implemented where both gateways support TLS 1.3 or higher. 5.3.2. Client offers supported credential schemes The client sends a JSON block containing the supported credential schemes, such as OAuth2.0 or SAML, in the "Credential Scheme" field of the SATP message. 5.3.3. Server selects supported credential scheme The server (recipient Gateway) selects one acceptable credential scheme from the offered schemes, returning the selection in the "Credential Scheme" field of the SATP message. If no acceptable credential scheme was offered, an HTTP 511 "Network Authentication Required" error is returned. 5.3.4. Client asserts or proves identity The details of the assertion/verification step are specific to the chosen credential scheme and are outside the scope of this document. 5.3.5. Sequence numbers initialized Sequence numbers are used to allow the server to correctly order operations from the client. Some operations may be asynchronous, synchronous, or idempotent with duplicate requests handled differently according to the use case. The initial sequence number is proposed by the client (sender gateway) after credential verification is finalized. The server (receiver gateway) MUST respond with the same sequence number to indicate acceptance. The client increments the sequence number with each new request. Sequence numbers can be reused for retries in the event of a gateway timeout. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 11] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 5.3.6. Messages can now be exchanged Handshaking is complete at this point, and the client can send SAT messages to perform actions on resources, which MAY reference the SAT Payload field. 5.4. Asset Profile Identification The client and server must mutually agree on the asset type or profile that is the subject of the current transfer. The client provides the server with the asset identification number, or the server may provide the client with the asset identification numbers for the digital asset it supports. Formal specification of asset identification is outside the scope of this document. Globally numbering digital asset types or profiles is expected to be performed by a legally recognized entity. 6. Overview of Message Flows The SATP message flows are logically divided into three (3) stages [ARCH], with the preparatory stage denoted as Stage-0. How the tasks are achieved in Stage-0 is out of the scope of the current specification. The Stage-1 flows pertains to the initialization of the transfer between the two gateways. After both gateways agree to commence the transfer at the start of Stage-2, the sender gateway G1 must deliver a signed assertion that it has performed the correct lock (burn) on the asset in origin network (NW1). If that assertion is accepted by gateway G2, it must in return transmit a signed receipt to gateway G1 that it has created (minted) a temporary asset in destination network (NW2). The Stage-3 flows commit gateways G1 and G2 to the burn and mint in Stage-2. The sender gateway G1 must make the lock on the asset in the origin network NW1 to be permanent (burn). The receiver gateway G2 must assign (mint) the asset in the destination network NW2 to the correct beneficiary. The reader is directed to [ARCH] for further discussion of this model. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 12] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 App1 NW1 G1 G2 NW2 App2 ..|.....|............|......................|............|.....|.. | | | Stage 1 | | | | | | | | | | | (1.1)|--Transf. Proposal -->| | | | | | | | | | | |<--Proposal Receipt---|(1.2) | | | | | | | | | | (1.3)|<--Transf. Commence-->| | | | | | | | | | | |<--- ACK Commence --->|(1.4) | | | | | | | | ..|.....|............|......................|............|.....|.. | | | Stage 2 | | | | | | | | | | |<---Lock----|(2.1) | | | | | | | | | | | (2.2)|--- Lock-Assertion--->| | | | | | | | | | | | (2.3)|----Bcast-->| | | | | | | | | | |<--Assertion Receipt--|(2.4) | | | | | | | | ..|.....|............|......................|............|.....|.. | | | Stage 3 | | | | | | | | | | | (3.1)|----Commit Prepare--->| | | | | | | | | | | | (3.2)|----Mint--->| | | | | | | | | | |<--- Commit Ready ----|(3.3) | | | | | | | | | |<---Burn----|(3.4) | | | | | | | | | | | (3.5)|---- Commit Final --->| | | | | | | | | | | | (3.6)|---Assign-->| | | | | | | | | | |<-----ACK Final-------|(3.7) | | | | | | | | | |<---Bcast---|(3.8) | | | | | | | | | | | (3.9)|--Transfer Complete-->| | | ..|.....|............|......................|............|.....|.. 7. Identity and Asset Verification Stage (Stage 0) Prior to commencing the asset transfer from the sender gateway (client) to the recipient gateway (server), both gateways must perform a number of verification steps. The types of information required by both the sender and recipient are use-case dependent and asset-type dependent. The verifications include, but not limited to, the following: * Verification of the gateway signature public key: The sender gateway and receiver gateway must validate their respective signature public keys that will later be used to sign assertions and claims. This may include validating the X509 certificates of these keys. * Gateway owner verification: This is the verification of the identity (e.g. LEI) of the owners of the gateways. * Gateway device and state validation: This is the device attestation evidence [RFC9334] that a gateway must collect and convey to each other, where a verifier is assumed to be available to decode, parse and appraise the evidence. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 13] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 * Originator and beneficiary identity verification: This is the identity and public-key of the entity (originator) in the origin network seeking to transfer the asset to another entity (beneficiary) in the destination network. These are considered out of scope in the current specifications, and are assumed to have been successfully completed prior to the commencement of the transfer initiation flow. The reader is directed to [ARCH] for further discussion regarding Stage-0. 8. Transfer Initiation Stage (Stage 1) This section describes the transfer initiation stage, where the sender gateway and the receiver gateway prepare for the start of the asset transfer. The sender gateway proposes the set of transfer parameters and asset- related artifacts for the transfer to the receiver gateway. These are contained in the Transfer Initiation Claims. If the receiver gateway accepts the proposal, it returns a signed receipt message for the proposal indicating it agrees to proceed to the next stage. If the receiver gateway rejects any parameters or artifacts in the proposal, it can provide a counteroffer to the sender gateway by responding with a proposal reject message carrying alternative parameters. Gateways MUST support the use of the HTTP GET and POST methods defined in RFC 2616 [RFC2616] for the endpoint. Clients (sender gateway) MAY use the HTTP GET or POST methods to send messages in this stage to the server (recipient gateway). If using the HTTP GET method, the request parameters may be serialized using URI Query String Serialization. (NOTE: Flows occur over TLS. Nonces are not shown). 8.1. Transfer Initialization Claims This is set of artifacts pertaining to the asset that must be agreed upon between the client (sender gateway) and the server (recipient gateway). The Transfer Initialization Claims consist of the following: * digitalAssetId REQUIRED: This is the globally unique identifier for the digital asset located in the origin network. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 14] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 * assetProfileId REQUIRED: This is the globally unique identifier for the asset-profile definition (document) on which the digital asset was issued. * verifiedOriginatorEntityId REQUIRED: This is the identity data of the originator entity (person or organization) in the origin network. This information must be verified by the sender gateway. * verifiedBeneficiaryEntityId REQUIRED: This is the identity data of the beneficiary entity (person or organization) in the destination network. This information must be verified by the receiver gateway. * originatorPubkey REQUIRED. This is the public key of the asset owner (originator) in the origin network or system. * beneficiaryPubkey REQUIRED. This is the public key of the beneficiary in the destination network. * senderGatewaySignaturePublicKey REQUIRED. This is the public key of the key-pair used by the sender gateway to sign assertions and receipts. * receiverGatewaySignaturePublicKey REQUIRED. This is the public key of the key-pair used by the recevier gateway to sign assertions and receipts. * senderGatewayId OPTIONAL. This is the identifier of the sender gateway. * recipientGatewayId OPTIONAL. This is the identifier of the receiver gateway. * senderGatewayNetworkId REQUIRED. This is the identifier of the origin network or system behind the client. * recipientGatewayNetworkId REQUIRED. This is the identifier of the destination network or system behind the server. * senderGatewayDeviceIdentityPubkey OPTIONAL. The device public key of the sender gateway (client). * receiverGatewayDeviceIdentityPubkey OPTIONAL. The device public key of the receiver gateway * senderGatewayOwnerId OPTIONAL: This is the identity information of the owner or operator of the sender gateway. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 15] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 * receiverGatewayOwnerId OPTIONAL: This is the identity information of the owner or operator of the recipient gateway. Here is an example representation in JSON format: json { "digitalAssetId": "2c949e3c-5edb-4a2c-9ef4-20de64b9960d", "assetProfileId": "38561", "verifiedOriginatorEntityId": "CN=Alice, OU=Example Org Unit, O=Example, L=New York, C=US", "verifiedBeneficiaryEntityId": "CN=Bob, OU=Case Org Unit, O=Case, L=San Francisco, C=US", "originatorPubkey": "0304b9f34d3898b27f85b3d88fa069a879abe14db5060dde466dd1e4a31ff75e44", "beneficiaryPubkey": "02a7bc058e1c6f3a79601d046069c9b6d0cb8ea5afc99e6074a5997284756fc9ae", "senderGatewaySignaturePublicKey": "02a7bc058e1c6f3a79601d046069c9b6d0cb8ea5afc99e6074a5997284756fc9ae", "receiverGatewaySignaturePublicKey": "0243b12ada6515ada3bf99a7da32e84f00383b5765fd7701528e660449ba5ef260", "senderGatewayId": "GW1", "recipientGatewayId": "GW2", "senderGatewayNetworkId": "1", "recipientGatewayNetworkId": "43114", "senderGatewayDeviceIdentityPubkey": "0245785e34b4a7b457dd4683a297ea3d78bab35f8b2583df55d9df8c69604d0e73", "receiverGatewayDeviceIdentityPubkey": "03763f0bc48ff154cff45ea533a9d8a94349d65a45573e4de6ad6495b6e834312b", "senderGatewayOwnerId": "CN=GatewayOps, OU=GatewayOps Systems, O=GatewayOps LTD, L=Austin, C=US", "receiverGatewayOwnerId": "CN=BridgeSolutions, OU=BridgeSolutions Engineering, O=BridgeSolutions LTD, L=Austin, C=US" } 8.2. Conveyance of Gateway and Network Capabilities This is set of parameters pertaining to the origin network and the destination network, and the technical capabilities supported by the peer gateways. Some network-specific parameters regarding the origin network may be relevant for a receiver gateway to evaluate its ability to process the proposed transfer. For example, the average duration of time of a lock to be held by a sender gateway may inform the receiver gateway about delay expectations. The network capabilities list is as follows: * gatewayDefaultSignatureAlgorithm REQUIRED: The default digital signature algorithm (algorithm-id) used by a gateway to sign claims. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 16] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 * gatewaySupportedSignatureAlgorithms OPTIONAL: The list of other digital signature algorithm (algorithm-id) supported by a gateway to sign claims * networkLockType REQUIRED: The default locking mechanism used by a network. These can be (i) timelock, (ii) hashlock, (iii) hashtimelock, and so on (TBD). * networkLockExpirationTime REQUIRED: The duration of time (in seconds) for a lock to expire in the network. * gatewayCredentialProfile REQUIRED: Specify type of auth (e.g., SAML, OAuth, X.509). * gatewayLoggingProfile REQUIRED: contains the profile regarding the logging procedure. Default is local store * gatewayAccessControlProfile REQUIRED: the profile regarding the confidentiality of the log entries being stored. Default is only the gateway that created the logs can access them. Here is an example representation in JSON format: json { "gatewayDefaultSignatureAlgorithm": "ECDSA", "gatewaySupportedSignatureAlgorithms": ["ECDSA", "RSA"], "networkLockType": "HASH_TIME_LOCK", "networkLockExpirationTime": 120, "gatewayCredentialProfile": "OAUTH", "gatewayLoggingProfile": "LOCAL_STORE", "gatewayAccessControlProfile": "RBAC" } 8.3. Transfer Proposal Message The purpose of this message is for the sender gateway as the client to initiate an asset transfer session with the receiver gateway as the server. The client transmits a proposal message that carries the claims related to the asset to be transferred. This message must be signed by the client. This message is sent from the client to the Transfer Initialization Endpoint at the server. The parameters of this message consist of the following: * version REQUIRED: SAT protocol Version (major, minor). * messageType REQUIRED: urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:transfer-proposal-msg. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 17] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) chosen by the client to identify the current session. * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. * transferInitClaims REQUIRED: The set of artifacts and parameters as the basis for the current transfer. * transferInitClaimsFormat REQUIRED: The format of the transfer initialization claims. * networkCapabilitiesList REQUIRED: The set of origin network parameters reported by the client to the server. * multipleClaimsAllowed OPTIONAL: true/false. * multipleCancelsAllowed OPTIONAL: true/false. * clientSignature REQUIRED: The client's signature over the message. Here is an example of the message request body: json { "version": "1.0", "messageType": "urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:transfer-proposal-msg", "sessionId": "d66a567c-11f2-4729-a0e9-17ce1faf47c1", "transferContextId": "89e04e71-bba2-4363-933c-262f42ec07a0", "transferInitClaims": { "digitalAssetId": "2c949e3c-5edb-4a2c-9ef4-20de64b9960d", "assetProfileId": "38561", "verifiedOriginatorEntityId": "CN=Alice, OU=Example Org Unit, O=Example, L=New York, C=US", "verifiedBeneficiaryEntityId": "CN=Bob, OU=Case Org Unit, O=Case, L=San Francisco, C=US", "originatorPubkey": "0304b9f34d3898b27f85b3d88fa069a879abe14db5060dde466dd1e4a31ff75e44", "beneficiaryPubkey": "02a7bc058e1c6f3a79601d046069c9b6d0cb8ea5afc99e6074a5997284756fc9ae", "senderGatewaySignaturePublicKey": "02a7bc058e1c6f3a79601d046069c9b6d0cb8ea5afc99e6074a5997284756fc9ae", "receiverGatewaySignaturePublicKey": "0243b12ada6515ada3bf99a7da32e84f00383b5765fd7701528e660449ba5ef260", "senderGatewayId": "GW1", "recipientGatewayId": "GW2", "senderGatewayNetworkId": "1", "recipientGatewayNetworkId": "43114", "senderGatewayDeviceIdentityPubkey": "0245785e34b4a7b457dd4683a297ea3d78bab35f8b2583df55d9df8c69604d0e73", "receiverGatewayDeviceIdentityPubkey": "03763f0bc48ff154cff45ea533a9d8a94349d65a45573e4de6ad6495b6e834312b", "senderGatewayOwnerId": "CN=GatewayOps, OU=GatewayOps Systems, O=GatewayOps LTD, L=Austin, C=US", "receiverGatewayOwnerId": Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 18] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 "CN=BridgeSolutions, OU=BridgeSolutions Engineering, O=BridgeSolutions LTD, L=Austin, C=US" }, "transferInitClaimsFormat": "JSON", "networkCapabilitiesList": [], // TODO: is the network capabilities list the same as the conveyance of network capabilities, or more? "multipleClaimsAllowed":false, "multipleCancelsAllowed": false, "clientSignature": "428848dcc8bf7d2a9aa81a06a2a316f0b0b5e65eb7 e1af9aa36a7028414b88ec584375281508254be946e32da6edbea6b4c794cd50c8307 53f9b134def087470de4df82000094000000004f564c2054657374204d65737361676 5c001a0ff92315970206155d9ffa29deb57d71b4aa51ebd9bbe1e8033df5452203530 3c323b869475d4e7549304f88883a" } 8.4. Transfer Proposal Receipt Message The purpose of this message is for the server to indicate explicit acceptance of the parameters in the claims part of the transfer proposal message. The message must be signed by the server. The message is sent from the server to the Transfer Proposal Endpoint at the client. The parameters of this message consist of the following: * version REQUIRED: SAT protocol Version (major, minor). * messageType REQUIRED: urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:proposal-receipt-msg. * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) chosen by the client to identify the current session. * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. * hashTransferInitClaims REQUIRED: Hash of the Transfer Initialization Claims received in the Transfer Proposal Message. * timestamp REQUIRED: timestamp referring to when the Initialization Request Message was received. * serverSignature REQUIRED. The digital signature of the server. Here is an example of the message request body: json { "version": "1.0", "messageType": "urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:proposal-receipt-msg", "sessionId": "d66a567c- 11f2-4729-a0e9-17ce1faf47c1", "transferContextId": Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 19] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 "89e04e71-bba2-4363-933c-262f42ec07a0", "hashTransferInitClaims": "154dfaf0406038641e7e59509febf41d9d5d80f367db96198690151f4758ca6e", "timestamp": "2024-10-03T12:02+00Z", "serverSignature": "53f054657374 204d657373616765c001a0ff92315970206155d9ffa29deb57d71b4aa51eb0000004f 564c2508254be946e32da6edbea6b4c7949b134def087470de4df8200009400cd50c8 307d9bbe1e8033df5452203530428842813c323b869475d4e7549304f88883a6a2a31 6f0b0b5e65eb7e1af9aa36a7028418dcc8bf7d2a9aa81a04b88ec584375" } 8.5. Transfer Proposal Reject Message The purpose of this message is for the server to indicate explicit rejection of the Transfer Initialization Claims in the transfer proposal message. A reject message is taken to mean an immediate termination of the session. The message must be signed by the server. The message is sent from the server to the Transfer Proposal Endpoint at the client. The parameters of this message consist of the following: * version REQUIRED: SAT protocol Version (major, minor). * messageType REQUIRED: urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:proposal-reject-msg. * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) chosen by the client to identify the current session. * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. * hashTransferInitClaims REQUIRED: Hash of the Transfer Initialization Claims received in the Transfer Proposal Message. * timestamp REQUIRED: timestamp referring to when the Initialization Request Message was received. * serverSignature REQUIRED. The digital signature of the server. Here is an example of the message request body: json { "version": "1.0", "messageType": "urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:proposal-reject-msg", "sessionId": "d66a567c- 11f2-4729-a0e9-17ce1faf47c1", "transferContextId": "89e04e71-bba2-4363-933c-262f42ec07a0", "hashTransferInitClaims": "154dfaf0406038641e7e59509febf41d9d5d80f367db96198690151f4758ca6e", Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 20] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 "timestamp": "2024-10-03T12:02+00Z", "serverSignature": "53f054657374 204d657373616765c001a0ff92315970206155d9ffa29deb57d71b4aa51eb0000004f 564c2508254be946e32da6edbea6b4c7949b134def087470de4df8200009400cd50c8 307d9bbe1e8033df5452203530428842813c323b869475d4e7549304f88883a6a2a31 6f0b0b5e65eb7e1af9aa36a7028418dcc8bf7d2a9aa81a04b88ec584375" } 8.6. Transfer Commence Message The purpose of this message is for the client to signal to the server that the client is ready to start the transfer of the digital asset. This message must be signed by the client. This message is sent by the client as a response to the Transfer Proposal Receipt Message previously received from the server. This message is sent by the client to the Transfer Commence Endpoint at the server. The parameters of this message consist of the following: * messageType REQUIRED. MUST be the value urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:transfer-commence-msg. * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) chosen earlier by the client in the Initialization Request Message. * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. * hashTransferInitClaims REQUIRED: Hash of the Transfer Initialization Claims in the Transfer Proposal message. * hashPrevMessage REQUIRED. The hash of the last message, in this case the Transfer Proposal Receipt message. * clientSignature REQUIRED. The digital signature of the client. For example, the client makes the following HTTP request using TLS: json { "messageType": "urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:transfer-commence-msg", "sessionId": "d66a567c-11f2-4729-a0e9-17ce1faf47c1", "transferContextId": "89e04e71-bba2-4363-933c-262f42ec07a0", "hashTransferInitClaims": "154dfaf0406038641e7e59509febf41d9d5d80f367db96198690151f4758ca6e", "hashPrevMessage": "0b0aecc2680e0d8a86bece6b54c454fba67068799484f477cdf2f87e6541db66", "clientSignature": "9b134def087470de4df82000094000000004f564c2508254b Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 21] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 e946e32da6edbea6b4c794cd50c830753f054657374204d657373616765c001a0ff92 315970206155d9ffa29deb57d71b4aa51ebd9bbe1e8033df5452203530428848dcc8b f7d2a9aa81a04b88ec5843752813c323b869475d4e7549304f88883a6a2a316f0b0b5 e65eb7e1af9aa36a702841" } 8.7. Commence Response Message (ACK-Commence) The purpose of this message is for the server to indicate agreement to proceed with the asset transfer, based on the artifacts found in the previous Transfer Proposal Message. This message is sent by the server to the Transfer Commence Endpoint at the client. The message must be signed by the server. The parameters of this message consist of the following: The parameters of this message consist of the following: * messageType REQUIRED urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:ack-commence-msg * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) chosen earlier by the client in the Initialization Request Message. * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. * hashPrevMessage REQUIRED.The hash of the last message, in this case the the Transfer Commence Message. * serverSignature REQUIRED. The digital signature of the server. An example of a success response could be as follows: json { "messageType": "urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:ack-commence-msg", "sessionId": "d66a567c-11f2-4729-a0e9-17ce1faf47c1", "transferContextId": "89e04e71-bba2-4363-933c-262f42ec07a0", "hashPrevMessage": "dd5a61a26fc8f5d72e5ca6052c2a1fca1613115e5582d9417d336375c196db89", "serverSignature": "53f054657374204d657373616765c001a0ff9231597020615 5d9ffa29deb57d71b4aa51eb0000004f564c2508254be946e32da6edbea6b4c7949b1 34def087470de4df8200009400cd50c8307d9bbe1e8033df5452203530428842813c3 23b869475d4e7549304f88883a6a2a316f0b0b5e65eb7e1af9aa36a7028418dcc8bf7 d2a9aa81a04b88ec584375" } Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 22] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 9. Lock Assertion Stage (Stage 2) The messages in this stage pertain to the sender gateway providing the recipient gateway with a signed assertion that the asset in the origin network has been locked or disabled and under the control of the sender gateway. In the following, the sender gateway takes the role of the client while the recipient gateway takes the role of the server. The flow follows a request-response model. The client makes a request (POST) to the Lock-Assertion Endpoint at the server. Gateways MUST support the use of the HTTP GET and POST methods defined in RFC 2616 [RFC2616] for the endpoint. Clients MAY use the HTTP GET or POST methods to send messages in this stage to the server. If using the HTTP GET method, the request parameters may be serialized using URI Query String Serialization. (NOTE: Flows occur over TLS. Nonces are not shown). 9.1. Lock Assertion Message The purpose of this message is for the client (sender gateway) to convey a signed claim to the server (receiver gateway) declaring that the asset in question has been locked or escrowed by the client in the origin network (e.g. to prevent double-spending). The format of the claim is dependent on the network or system of the client and is outside the scope of this specification. This message is sent from the client to the Lock Assertion Endpoint at the server. The server must validate the claims (payload) in this message prior to the next step. The message must be signed by the client. The parameters of this message consist of the following: * messageType REQUIRED urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:lock-assert-msg. * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) chosen earlier by the client in the Initialization Request Message. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 23] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. * lockAssertionClaim REQUIRED. The lock assertion claim or statement by the client. * lockAssertionClaimFormat REQUIRED. The format of the claim. * lockAssertionExpiration REQUIRED. The duration of time of the lock or escrow upon the asset. * hashPrevMessage REQUIRED. The hash of the previous message. * clientSignature REQUIRED. The digital signature of the client. 9.2. Lock Assertion Receipt Message The purpose of this message is for the server (receiver gateway) to indicate acceptance of the claim(s) in the lock-assertion message delivered by the client (sender gateway) in the previous message. This message is sent from the server to the Assertion Receipt Endpoint at the client. The message must be signed by the server. The parameters of this message consist of the following: * messageType REQUIRED urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:assertion-receipt-msg. * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) chosen earlier by the client in the Initialization Request Message. * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. * hashPrevMessage REQUIRED. The hash of the previous message. * serverSignature REQUIRED. The digital signature of the server. 10. Commitment Preparation and Finalization (Stage 3) This section describes the transfer commitment agreement between the client (sender gateway) and the server (receiver gateway). Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 24] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 This stage must be completed within the time specified in the lockAssertionExpiration value in the lock-assertion message. In the following, the sender gateway takes the role of the client while the recipient gateway takes the role of the server. The flow follows a request-response model. The client makes a request (POST) to the Transfer Commitment endpoint at the server. Gateways MUST support the use of the HTTP GET and POST methods defined in RFC 2616 [RFC2616] for the endpoint. Clients MAY use the HTTP GET or POST methods to send messages in this stage to the server. If using the HTTP GET method, the request parameters may be serialized using URI Query String Serialization. The client and server may be required to sign certain messages in order to provide standalone proof (for non-repudiation) independent of the secure channel between the client and server. This proof may be required for audit verifications post-event. (NOTE: Flows occur over TLS. Nonces are not shown). 10.1. Commit Preparation Message (Commit-Prepare) The purpose of this message is for the client to indicate its readiness to begin the commitment of the transfer. This message is sent from the client to the Commit Prepare Endpoint at the server. The message must be signed by the client. The parameters of this message consist of the following: * messageType REQUIRED. It MUST be the value urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:commit-prepare-msg * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) chosen earlier by the client in the Initialization Request Message. * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. * hashPrevMessage REQUIRED. The hash of the previous message. * clientSignature REQUIRED. The digital signature of the client. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 25] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 10.2. Commit Ready Message (Commit-Ready) The purpose The purpose of this message is for the server to indicate to the client that: (i) the server has created (minted) an equivalent asset in the destination network; (ii) that the newly minted asset has been self-assigned to the server; and (iii) that the server is ready to proceed to the next step. This message is sent from the server to the Commit Ready Endpoint at the client. The message must be signed by the server. The parameters of this message consist of the following: * messageType REQUIRED. It MUST be the value urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:commit-ready-msg. * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv2) chosen earlier by client in the Initialization Request Message. * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. * mintAssertionClaims REQUIRED. The mint assertion claim or statement by the server. * mintAssertionFormat OPTIONAL. The format of the assertion payload. * hashPrevMessage REQUIRED. The hash of the previous message. * serverSignature REQUIRED. The digital signature of the server. 10.3. Commit Final Assertion Message (Commit-Final) The purpose of this message is for the client to indicate to the server that the client (sender gateway) has completed the extinguishment (burn) of the asset in the origin network. The message must contain standalone claims related to the extinguishment of the asset by the client. The standalone claim must be signed by the client. This message is sent from the client to the Commit Final Assertion Endpoint at the server. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 26] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 The message must be signed by the server. The parameters of this message consist of the following: * messageType REQUIRED. It MUST be the value urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:commit-final-msg. * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) chosen earlier by the client in the Initialization Request Message. * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. * burnAssertionClaim REQUIRED. The burn assertion signed claim or statement by the client. * burnAssertionClaimFormat OPTIONAL. The format of the claim. * hashPrevMessage REQUIRED. The hash of the previous message. * clientSignature REQUIRED. The digital signature of the client. 10.4. Commit-Final Acknowledgement Receipt Message (ACK-Final-Receipt) The purpose of this message is to indicate to the client that the server has completed the assignment of the newly minted asset to the intended beneficiary at the destination network. This message is sent from the server to the Commit Final Receipt Endpoint at the client. The message must be signed by the server. The parameters of this message consist of the following: * messageType REQUIRED. It MUST be the value urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:ack-commit-final-msg. * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv2) chosen earlier by client in the Initialization Request Message. * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 27] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 * assignmentAssertionClaim REQUIRED. The claim or statement by the server that the asset has been assigned by the server to the intended beneficiary. * assignmentAssertionClaimFormat OPTIONAL. The format of the claim. * hashPrevMessage REQUIRED. The hash of the previous message. * serverSignature REQUIRED. The digital signature of the server. 10.5. Transfer Complete Message The purpose of this message is for the client to indicate to the server that the asset transfer session (identified by sessionId) has been completed and no further messages are to be expected from the client in regards to this transfer instance. The message closes the first message of Stage 2 (Transfer Commence Message). This message is sent from the client to the Transfer Complete Endpoint at the server. The message must be signed by the client. The parameters of this message consist of the following: * messageType REQUIRED. It MUST be the value urn:ietf:satp:msgtype:commit-transfer-complete-msg. * sessionId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) chosen earlier by the client in the Initialization Request Message. * transferContextId REQUIRED: A unique identifier (e.g. UUIDv4) used to identify the current transfer session at the application layer. * hashPrevMessage REQUIRED. The hash of the previous message. * hashTransferCommence REQUIRED. The hash of the Transfer Commence message at the start of Stage 2. * clientSignature REQUIRED. The digital signature of the client. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 28] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 11. SATP Session Resumption This section answers the question of how can a backup gateway build trust with the counterparty gateway to resume the execution of the protocol, in the presence of errors and crashes? Gateways may enter a faulty state at any time while executing the protocol. The faulty state can manifest itself in incorrect behavior, leading to gateways emitting alerts and errors. In some instances, gateways may crash. We employ either the primary- backup or self-healing paradigm, meaning that the crashed gateway will eventually be replaced by a functioning one, or recover, respectively. When a crash occurs, we initiate a recovery procedure by the backup gateway or the recovered gateway, as defined in the crash recovery draft [I-D.draft-belchior-satp-gateway-recovery]. In either case, if the recovery happens within a time period defined as max_timeout (in Stage 2), the recovered gateway triggers a session resumption. The schema and order of the recovered messages are specified in the crash recovery draft. In the case where there is no answer from the gateway within the specified max_timeout, the counterparty gateway rollbacks the process until that stage. Upon recovery, the crashed gateway learns that the counterparty gateway has initiated a rollback, and it proceeds accordingly (by also initiating a rollback). Note that rollbacks can also happen in case of unresolved errors. The non-crashed gateway that conducts the rollback tries to communicate with the crashed gateway from time to time (self-healing) or to contact the backup gateways (primary-backup). In any case, upon the completion of a rollback, the non-crashed gateway sends a ROLLBACK message to the recovered gateway to notify that a rollback happened. The recovered gateway should answer with ROLLBACK-ACK. Since the self-healing recovery process does not require changes to the protocol (since from the counterparty gateway perspective, the sender gateway is just taking longer than normal; there are no new actions done or logs recorded), we focus on the primary-backup paradigm. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 29] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 11.1. Primary-Backup Session Resumption Upon a gateway recovering using primary-backup, a new gateway (recovered gateway) takes over the crashed gateway. The counterparty gateway assures that the recovered gateway is legitimate (according to the crash recovery specification). After the recovery, the gateways exchange information about their current view of the protocol, since the crashed gateway may have been in the middle of executing the protocol when it crashed. After that, the gateways agree on the current state of the protocol. 11.2. Recovery Messages We have omitted the logging procedure (only focusing on the different messages). As defined in the crash recovery draft [I-D.draft-belchior-satp-gateway-recovery], there is a set of messages that are exchanged between the recovered gateway and counterparty gateway: * RECOVER: when a gateway crashes and recovers, it sends a RECOVER message to the counterparty gateway, informing them of its most recent state. The message contains various parameters such as the session ID, message type, SATP stage, sequence number, a flag indicating if the sender is a backup gateway, the new public key if the sender is a backup, the timestamp of the last known log entry, and the sender's digital signature. * RECOVER-UPDATE: Upon receiving the RECOVER message, the counterparty gateway sends a RECOVER-UPDATE message. This message carries the difference between the log entry corresponding to the received sequence number from the recovered gateway and the latest sequence number (corresponding to the latest log entry). The message includes parameters such as the session ID, message type, the hash of the previous message, the list of log messages that the recovered gateway needs to update, and the sender's digital signature. * RECOVER-SUCCESS: The recovered gateway responds with a RECOVER- SUCCESS message if its logs have been successfully updated. If there are inconsistencies detected, the recovered gateway initiates a dispute with a RECOVER-DISPUTE message. The message parameters include session ID, message type, the hash of the previous message, a boolean indicating success, a list of hashes of log entries that were appended to the recovered gateway log, and the sender's digital signature. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 30] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 In case the recovery procedure has failed and a rollback process is needed, the following messages are used: * ROLLBACK: A gateway that initiates a rollback sends a ROLLBACK message. The message parameters include session ID, message type, a boolean indicating success, a list of actions performed to rollback a state (e.g., UNLOCK, BURN), a list of proofs specific to the DLT [SATP], and the sender's digital signature. * ROLLBACK-ACK: Upon successful rollback, the counterparty gateway sends a ROLLBACK-ACK message to the recovered gateway acknowledging that the rollback has been performed successfully. The message parameters are similar to those of the ROLLBACK message. 12. Error Messages SATP distinguishes between application-driven closures (terminations) and those caused by errors at the SATP protocol level. The list of errors and descriptions can be found in the Appendix. ``` enum { sessionClosure(1), nonfatalError (2) fatalError(3), (255) } AlertLevel; enum { closeNotify(0), badCertificate(42), unsupportedCertificate(43), certificateRevoked(44), certificateExpired(45), certificateUnknown(46), illegalParameter(47), TBD (255) } AlertDescription; struct { AlertLevel level; AlertDescription description; } Alert; ``` 12.1. Closure Alerts The SATP client and server (gateways) must share knowledge that the transfer connection is ending in order to avoid third-party attacks. (a) closeNotify: This alert notifies the recipient that the sender gateway will not send any more messages on this transfer connection. Any data received after a closure alert has been received MUST be ignored. (b) userCanceled: This alert notifies the recipient that the sender gateway is canceling the transfer connection for some reason unrelated to a protocol failure. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 31] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 12.2. Error Alerts When an error is detected by a SATP gateway, the detecting gateway sends a message to its peer. Upon transmission or receipt of a fatal alert message, both gateways MUST immediately close the connection. Whenever a SATP implementation encounters a fatal error condition, it SHOULD send an appropriate fatal alert and MUST close the connection without sending or receiving any additional data. The following error alerts are defined: * connectionError: There is an error in the TLS session establishment (TLS error codes should be reported-up to the gateway level) * badCertificate: The gateway certificate was corrupt, contained signatures, that did not verify correctly, etc. (Some common TLS level errors: unsupported_certificate, certificate_revoked, certificate_expired, certificate_unknown, unknown_ca). * protocolVersionError: The SATP protocol version the peer has attempted to negotiate is recognized but not supported. * (Others TBD) 13. Security Consideration Gateways are of particular interest to attackers because they are a kind of end-to-end pipeline that enables the transferral of digital assets to external networks or systems. Thus, attacking a gateway may be attractive to attackers instead of the network behind a gateway. As such, hardware hardening technologies and tamper-resistant crypto- processors (e.g. TPM, Secure Enclaves, SGX) should be considered for the implementation of gateways. 14. IANA Consideration (TBD) 15. Appendix: Error Types The following lists the error associated with each message in SATP. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 32] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 (Note: these have been laid out for convenience, and may be grouped together more efficiently later). 15.1. Transfer Commence and Response errors The following is the list of errors related to the Transfer Commence and Response: * err_2.1: Badly formed message. * err_2.2: Incorrect parameter. * err_2.3: ACK mismatch. 15.2. Lock Assertion errors The following is the list of errors related to Lock Assertion: * err_2.4.1: Badly formed message: badly formed Claim. * err_2.4.2: Badly formed message: bad signature. * err_2.4.3: Badly formed message: wrong transaction ID. * err_2.4.4: Badly formed message: Mismatch hash values. * err_2.4.5: Expired signing-key certificate. * err_2.4.6: Expired Claim. 15.3. Lock Assertion Receipt errors The following is the list of errors related to Lock Assertion Receipt: * err_2.6.1: Badly formed message: badly formed Claim. * err_2.6.2: Badly formed message: bad signature. * err_2.6.3: Badly formed message: wrong transaction ID. * err_2.6.4: Badly formed message: Mismatch hash values. * err_2.6.5: Expired signing-key certificate. * err_2.6.6: Expired Claim. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 33] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 15.4. Commit Preparation errors The following is the list of errors related to Commit Preparation: * err_3.1.1: Badly formed message: wrong transaction ID. * err_3.1.2: Badly formed message: mismatch hash value (i.e. from msg 2.6). * err_3.1.3: Incorrect parameter. * err_3.1.4: Message out of sequence. 15.5. Commit Preparation Acknowledgement errors The following is the list of errors related to Commit Preparation Acknowledgement: * err_3.2.1: Badly formed message: wrong transaction ID. * err_3.2.2: Badly formed message: mismatch hash value. * err_3.2.3: Incorrect parameter. * err_3.2.4: Message out of sequence. 15.6. Commit Ready errors The following is the list of errors related to Commit Ready: * err_3.4.1: Badly formed message: wrong transaction ID. * err_3.4.2: Badly formed message: mismatch hash value. * err_3.4.3: Incorrect parameter. * err_3.4.4: Message out of sequence (ACK mismatch). 15.7. Commit Final Assertion errors The following is the list of errors related to Commit Final Assertion: * err_3.6.1: Badly formed message: badly formed Claim. * err_3.6.2: Badly formed message: bad signature. * err_3.6.3: Badly formed message: wrong transaction ID. Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 34] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 * err_3.6.4: Badly formed message: Mismatch hash values. * err_3.6.5: Expired signing-key certificate. * err_3.6.6: Expired Claim. 16. References 16.1. Normative References [JWT] Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web Token (JWT)", RFC 7519, DOI 10.17487/RFC7519, May 2015, . [REQ-LEVEL] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . 16.2. Informative References [ARCH] Hardjono, T., Hargreaves, M., Smith, N., and V. Ramakrishna, "Secure Asset Transfer (SAT) Interoperability Architecture", June 2024, . [I-D.draft-belchior-satp-gateway-recovery] Belchior, R., Correia, M., Augusto, A., and T. Hardjono, "Secure Asset Transfer Protocol (SATP) Gateway Crash Recovery Mechanism", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-belchior-satp-gateway-recovery-02, 22 July 2024, . [MICA] European Commission, "EU Directive on Markets in Crypto- Assets Regulation (MiCA)", June 2023, . [NIST] Yaga, D., Mell, P., Roby, N., and K. Scarfone, "NIST Blockchain Technology Overview (NISTR-8202)", October 2018, . Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 35] Internet-Draft SATP Core October 2024 [RFC5939] Andreasen, F., "Session Description Protocol (SDP) Capability Negotiation", September 2010, . [RFC9334] Birkholz, H., Thaler, D., Richardson, M., Smith, N., and W. Pan, "Remote Attestation Procedures Architecture (RATS)", January 2023, . Authors' Addresses Martin Hargreaves Quant Network Email: martin.hargreaves@quant.network Thomas Hardjono MIT Email: hardjono@mit.edu Rafael Belchior INESC-ID, Técnico Lisboa, Blockdaemon Email: rafael.belchior@tecnico.ulisboa.pt Venkatraman Ramakrishna IBM Email: vramakr2@in.ibm.com Hargreaves, et al. Expires 18 April 2025 [Page 36]