3-D Display with Large Double Lenticular Screens
Wide-Range Projection CRTs from TVs to Computer Graphics
Brightness Distributions in Projection Displays
High-Definition Projection System Using DMD Display Technology
Ultrahigh-Intensity Short-Arc Long-Life Lamp System
Long-Life dc Metal-Halide Lamps for LCD Projectors
Innovative Zoom Lenses for LCD Projection
Compact Liquid-Crystal Projectors with High Optical Efficiency
Reflective-Type LCPC Projection Display
High-Luminance LCD Projector Using a-Si TFT-PDLC Light Valves
Reflective TFT-Addressed LC Light-Valve TV Projectors with High Light Efficiency
TFEL Pixel Module for Tiled Large-Area Display
New Technology Screens for Single-Lensed Rear-Projector Displays
Wide-Angle Multi-Channel Color Projection Lens for Simulation Applications
Monolithic Integration of Red, Blue, and Green Lasers for Smart Projection Displays
Color-Sequential Crystalline-Silicon LCLV-Based Projector for Consumer HDTV
Picture Quality in Large-Screen Projectors Using the Digital Micromirror Device
3-D Display with Large Double
Lenticular Screens
D. Takemori, K. Kanatani, S.
Kishimoto, S. Yoshii, H. Kanayama
Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., Osaka,
Japan full paper
A new 3-D display with large double lenticular screen has been developed which allows the viewer to see high quality three dimensional images without the use of special glasses. Multiplexed images, rear-projected by two LCD projectors (for right/left signals) are separated by the double lenticular screen. The right and left eyes of the observer can see different images. Double lenticular screen allow for easy installation and easy maintenance.
CRT
Projection Display System
S. Shirai
Hitachi Electron
Tube and Devices Division, Chiba Japan
M. Ohsawa
Hitachi
Development Planning Center, Tokyo, Japan full
paper
CRT rear projection systems are the only available large area displays bright enough to watch in luminous living or office spaces. Using improved CRT and optical system designs, a projection system with a 55 in, 16:9 screen was built with brightness and resolution up to 900 cd/sq m and 800 TV lines respectively.
Wide-Range Projection CRTs from TVs
to Computer Graphics
H. Ohmae, M. Konda, Y. Shibuta
Matsushita
Electronics Corp., Oska, Japan full paper
Four types tubes, a 7" electrostatic, a 7" magnetic, a 9" magnetic and a 12" magnetic focus CRTs have been developed for CRT based projection systems. These projection CRTs were designed for TVs, data displays, and computer graphics. The performance and the reliability of these CRTs are discussed.
Brightness Distributions in Projection Displays
J.A.
Shimizu
Philips Laboratories, Briarcliff Manor, NY full paper
The cosine to the fourth law predicts a dramatic decrease of the brightness distribution in wide angle, rear projection, display systems. It is shown that this law does not apply to light valve projection systems. Ray trace simulations and experimental results are presented and examined to determine the factors which influence the image brightness distribution. These factors can be applied in the design of the illumination light path to achieve good image brightness uniformity.
High-Definition
Projection System Using DMD Display Technology
G. Sextro, T. Ballew
Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX
J. Iwai
Sony Corp., Tokyo, Japan full paper
A high definition (HD) projection system has been developed based on three Digital Micromirror Devices (DMD), a spatial light modulator. Complementing the DMD are system electronics, software, beam splitting dichroic optics, relay lenses, and a Xenon lamp which produce a 1920 x 1080 HD display of over 1500 lm brightness. The system provides a prototype development environment for HD technologies using a programmable architecture based on multiple Scan-Line Video Processors (SVP). Flexibility has been maintained for such functions as progressive scan conversations, scaling, degamma, and picture control algorithms through software implementations.
Ultrahigh-Intensity Short-Arc Long-Life Lamp System
E.
Schnedler
Philops Research Laboratories, Aachen, Germany
H.v.
Wijngaarde
Philips Lighting B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands full paper
Performance of the first lamp of the new generation of high intensity of discharge lamps based on a new technology is reported. Because of its short arc (1-2mm), ultrahigh luminous intensity, and its relatively long life (4000-8000 hrs), it is most suitable for most consumer and professional light modulating projection systems using LCD or other light valves.
Long-Life dc
Metal-Halide Lamps for LCD Projectors
T. Higashi, T.
Arimoto
Ushio, Inc., Himeji, Japan full
paper
Long life - short arc metal halide lamps have been developed for LCD projectors. The average lamp life is more than 3000 hours for the 125 W, 150 Wand 250 W lamps with a 3 mm arc length.. The screen lumen maintenance for a 3 in system is about 65 % after 3000 hour operation. The lamp initial efficacies are 62-66 1m/W. The new lamp uses horizontal DC operation. 5 mm arc 250 W lamp has more than 4000 hour life.
Innovative
Zoom Lenses for LCD Projection
J.J. Bohache
U.S.
Precision Lens, Inc., Cincinnati, OH full
paper
A new family of zoom lenses for LCD projection television has been developed. The Zetar© lenses with object distance to screen width ratios of 1.5:1 to 3:1 and 3:1 to 5.3:1 have been designed and manufactured to be used with screen widths in the range of 55 in. to 300 in. These lenses have been designed to operate with LCD panels of up to 5.8 in. diagonal which can be offset up to 50 percent of their height. The lenses require only two internal moving groups of elements which greatly reduces the difficulty of mechanical design and manufacture.
Rear-Projection Screens
J.H.A. Schmitz
Philips Components B.V., Eindhoven, The
Netherlands full paper
Projection screens are a key component in projection systems. Specific systems require solutions to varied problems, such as speckle, resolution, ghost images, and color correction. Technical alternatives will be discussed for CRT and LCD projection displays for high-definition and computer-monitor applications.
Compact Liquid-Crystal Projectors with High Optical Efficiency
Y. Nagae, K. Ando, A. Asano, I. Takemoto
Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki,
Japan
J. Havens, P. Jones, D. Reddy, A. Tomita
Raychem Corp.,
Menlo Park, CA full paper
A highly efficient, reflective type NCAP (Nematic Curvilinear Aligned Phase) projector is discussed. Conventional CMOS technology is used to form 640x480 pixels and fully integrated peripheral driving circuit on a single crystal silicon chip. This technology is attractive for business presentation and training applications as well as future consumer television and high resolution engineering workstations displays.
Reflective-Type LCPC
Projection Display
Y. Ooi, Y. Hirai, M. Kunigita, S.
Niiyama, H. Kumai, T Wakabayashi, T. Gunjima
Asahi Glass Co.,
Yokohama, Japan full paper
A reflective type light valve (LV) with liquid crystal/polymer composite (LCPC) was developed. The Fresnel reflection at cell interfaces was reduced efficiently by anti-reflection (AR) treatments. A screen contrast ratio of about 100 was achieved with a driving voltage of 6V at a collection angle of 10 degrees. A new full-color LCPC projection system was developed with a cone-prism arranged at the second focal point of an elliptical mirror. Two dichroic mirrors (DM) were used for both color splitting and color recombining. The optical system projection efficacy is 6.3 1m/W.
High-Luminance LCD Projector
Display Using a-Si TFT-PDLC Light Valves
S. Shikama, H. Kida, A. Daijogo, S. Okamori, H. Ishitani, Y.
Maemura, M. Kondo
Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Kyoto, Japan
H.
Murai, M. Yuki
Advanced Display, Inc., Kumamoto, Japan full paper
An a-Si TFT array-driven PDLC light valve and a high luminance LCD projector using three PDLC LVs have been designed. The 3.1 in. LV has 640x480 pixels and an aperture ratio of 41%. The projector has an optical output of 460 ANSI lumens with a contrast ratio of over 50:1 using a 200 W metal halide lamp.
Reflective TFT-Addressed LC Light-Valve TV Projectors with High Light
Efficiency
J. Glueck, E. Ginter, E. Lueder, T. Kallfass
University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
full paper
Two methods enhancing brightness in TFT-LCD projection systems are described and compared with respect to contrast ratio and brightness. Using reflective instead of transmissive mode a-Si-TFT light-valves, the aperture ratio increases by nearly a factor of two. Reduction of polarization losses is achieved either by reinjecting the S-wave or by inserting scattering PDLC light-valves in combination with a Schlieren optical system.
TFEL Pixel Module for Tiled
Large-Area Display
A.H. Kitai, I. Nicholson, R. Wason
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
J. Zhong
Luxell Technologies, Inc., Brampton, Ontario, Canada full paper
A tile element consisting of a thin film electroluminescent display with driver chip and optical lens array, 2.5 x 3.5 in, has been developed. It achieves over 100 fL brightness in a 5x7 format with circular pixels. Expansion to a 16x16 format is also described and a novel addressing geometry suitable for tiled displays is presented. The application of a unique polyimide insulator layer is presented, which allows flexible interconnections with conductor crossovers to address pixel arrays in formats other than x-y matrix addressing. The absence of edge connections makes a tiled display practical, since tile-tile spacing is not limited by connectors.
New Technology Screens for
Single-Lens Rear-Projector Displays
J.A. Dorazio, R.D. Paynton, Jr.
Optical Solutions, Inc.,
Doylestown, PA full paper
A new screen technology has been developed for single lens rear projection applications. Performance is adjustable at the manufacturing level, allowing for custom engineered viewing angles, resolution, gain/brightness, contrast, and control of surface reflections. Speckle or scintillation associated with highly collimated light passing through the screen can be neutralized without compromising the screen's gain and resolution. Screens a made from a polymer based substrate with smooth surfaces and internal optics using abrasion and chemical resistant coatings, specular and diffusive antireflection finishes, custom colors and/or linear and circular polarizers in addition to the encapsulation in glass. Sizes are available up through 9 ft x 16 ft.
Wide-Angle Multi-Channel Color
Projection Lens For Simulation Applications
D.A. Ansley, J.D. Zimmerman
Huges Training, Inc., Herndon, VA
C.W. Chen
Huges Electro-Optical Systems, El Segundo, CA full paper
A wide angle color projection lens that displays one arc-minute resolution over a 228 degree circular field of view has been developed. Using a beam combiner cube assembly, servo-controlled mirrors and zoom lens telescope, up to four image sources may be displayed simultaneously and independently at any size and location. The lens is used in flight simulator applications such as full dome simulators.
Monolithic Integration of Red, Blue, and Green Lasers of Smart
Projection Displays
F. Jain, R. LaComb, M. Gokhale, W.
Huang, S. Srinivasan, P. Dufilie, X. Bao
University of Connecticut,
Storrs, CT full paper
Novel device structures to integrate multiple output lasers emitting in red, green, and blue colors are proposed. Active layers emitting red (A1GaAs or InGaA1P), blue (ZnxCd1-x Se), and green (ZnyCd1-ySe) are shown to be integrated monolithically using tunnel junctions on GaAs substrates. Both edge and surface-emitting structures are described. Results of two red-emitting A1GaA-GaAs lasers, integrated in tandem via tunnel junction, are presented demonstrating the feasibility of monolithic integration.
Color-Sequential
Crystalline-Silicon LCVC-Based Projector for Consumer HDTV
K. Sayyah, R. Forber, U. Efron
Huges Research Laboratories, Malibu,
CA full paper
A color sequential projector using the Hughes crystalline silicon LCVC is demonstrated. LCVCs with less than 5 ms total response time are shown to enable excellent color purity at 180 Hz color field rate, together with high resolution (>1000 TV lines) and high contrast ratio (>400:1). Device and system characteristics for a laboratory demonstration system are presented. This approach results in a simple, and potentially low cost, HDTV projection display.
Picture
Quality in Large-Screen Projectors Using the Digital Micromirror Device
B.R. Critchley, P.W. Blaxtan, B. Eckersley
Rank Brimar, Ltd.,
Manchester, England
R.O. Gale, M. Burton
Texas Instruments,
Dallas, TX full paper
Advantages in employing Digital Micromirror Devices in large screen projectors are described. The viability of constructing a large screen projector of outstanding picture quality established.